Assignment 3: Persuasive Paper Part 1: A Problem Exists
Due Week 5 and worth 150 points

Using your thesis statement and research, present the problem that needs to be addressed with your proposed solution. Note: Your solution, advantages, and challenges, will be in Parts 2 and 3.

Write a three to four (3-4) page paper in which you:

1. Provide an appropriate title and an interesting opening paragraph to appeal to your stated audience (appeal with logic, ethics, or emotion).
2. Include a defensible, relevant thesis statement in the first paragraph. (Revised from Assignment 2)
3. Describe the history and status of the issue and provide an overview of the problem(s) that need to be addressed. This should be one or two (1-2) paragraphs.
4. Explain the first problem (economic, social, political, environmental, complexity, inequity, ethical/moral, etc.) and provide support for your claims. This should be one or two (1-2) paragraphs.
5. Explain the second problem (economic, social, political, environmental, complexity, inequity, ethical/moral, etc.). and provide support for your claims. This should be one or two (1-2) paragraphs.
6. Explain the third problem (economic, social, political, environmental, complexity, inequity, ethical/moral, etc.) and provide support for your claims. This should be one or two (1-2) paragraphs.
7. Provide a concluding paragraph that summarizes the stated problems and promises a solution.
8. Develop a coherently structured paper with an introduction, body, and conclusion.
9. Use effective transitional words, phrases, and sentences throughout the paper.
10. Support claims with at least three (3) quality, relevant references. Use credible, academic sources available through Strayer University’s Resource Center. Note: Wikipedia and other Websites do not qualify as academic resources.

Your assignment must follow these formatting guidelines:

• Be typed, double spaced, using Times New Roman font (size 12), with one-inch margins on all sides; citations and references must follow APA or school-specific format. Check with your professor for any additional instructions.
• Include a cover page containing the title of the assignment, the student’s name, the professor’s name, the course title, and the date. The cover page and the reference page are not included in the required assignment page length.

Note: Submit your assignment to the designated plagiarism program so that you can make revisions before submitting your paper to your professor.

The specific course learning outcomes associated with this assignment are:

• Recognize the elements and correct use of a thesis statement.
• Recognize the use of summary, paraphrasing, and quotation to communicate the main points of a text.
• Analyze the rhetorical strategies of ethos, pathos, logos in writing samples and for incorporation into essays or presentations.
• Prepare a research project that supports an argument with structure and format appropriate to the genre.
• Recognize how to organize ideas with transitional words, phrases, and sentences.
• Incorporate relevant, properly documented sources to substantiate ideas.
• Write clearly and concisely about selected topics using proper writing mechanics.
• Use technology and information resources to research selected issues for this course.

Need to write a case study and information is mentioned bellow.

Case Study: Opening Your New Dunkin Donuts Locations

Assumption and Context: You have been the manager of a Dunkin Donuts store in the Midwest for the past two years. The store is owned by a Dunkin Donuts franchisee who owns 20 other Dunkin Donuts locations. Your employer took an employee inventory and examined all current employees. It has been noted by the owner that you have a highly successful track record. You have been recognized for doing an exceptional job staffing, leading, training, coaching, and managing people. You have been recognized for successfully managing all key components of your store and have successfully managed key business drivers such as cash, profits, growth, asset utilization and people. In regards to the metrics that are used to measure their stores for sales, quality, and customer service, your store is the top performing store in their system. 

Congratulations! You have just been promoted to District Manager! The Dunkin Donuts franchisee sees your growth potential and the growth potential in your geographic area. The owner now has committed significant capital and plans to open five new locations over the next two years. You will be given complete autonomy, authority, and responsibility to structure, staff, and operate these five new locations. You will be playing a key role in this expansion for growth.  

Assignment: Prepare a five-page paper (excluding the title and reference pages), including at least three scholarly sources, in addition to the textbook, formatted according to APA style guidelines as outlined in the Ashford Writing Center. In your paper, explain your chosen job design, organizational design, your recruiting strategy and methods, and your training and performance appraisal process as the new District Manager for Dunkin Donuts. 
You must organize your paper using the following section headings and include additional section headings as needed: 

1. Introduction 
2. Job Design 
3. Organizational Design 
4. Recruiting and Selection
5. Training and Performance Appraisals
6. Conclusion

Discussion: Performance Reports/Dashboards

Performance reports are a valuable tool for gauging the financial well-being and progress of a health care organization. When properly designed, these reports can provide data on key measures, quality indicators, performance of operations, patient satisfaction, personnel, and facility capacity.

Have you ever seen the cockpit of an airplane? The dashboard is covered with a variety of knobs and gauges. Having a pilot who understands the meaning of the data contained on the dashboard is essential for passenger safety and for reaching the correct destination in a timely fashion. Similarly, a dashboard for your organization can supply a wide variety of performance information to assist in the financial decision making process.

In this Discussion, you will describe a dashboard that would be useful for you in your current position and organization (or one with which you are familiar).

To prepare:

• Review this week’s Media program, Dashboards.
• Consider your own organization (or one with which you are familiar) and the key information that would be useful for decision making.
• Develop a list of key performance indicators in the following categories that would be useful for your situation. Include:
  • 2–3 financial indicators
  • 2–3 operational indicators
  • 2–3 satisfaction indicators
  • 2–3 quality indicators

By Day 3

Post describe the specific indicators you selected for each category and explain why you chose those particular ones. Describe whether each indicator is a leading or trailing indicator and how this particular combination would provide the best overall view of the state of your organization. Assess how having a dashboard such as this would assist in decision making.

Note: You do not have to actually create the dashboard, but just describe the indicators you would include.

Creating an Effective Test or Survey Instrument

Assume you have been hired by SurveyMonkey as the new corporate trainer. Your first task is to create a PowerPoint presentation on the proper way for users or learners to create a survey or test. Based upon your reading, prepare a 10 to 15 slide PowerPoint presentation on survey- or test-design best practices. Include in your PowerPoint a discussion of each of the following:

• Survey/test goals
• Survey/test question types 
• Question sequencing 
• Feedback 
• Results processing

You must include at least two references, in addition to the textbook. Your PowerPoint presentation must be 10 to 15 slides in length, not including title and reference slides, and formatted according to APA style guidelines as outlined in the Ashford Writing Center. Along with your PowerPoint presentation, be sure to submit a Word document title page to the dropbox for grading.

Apply your critical thinking skills by creating a pro or con argument about a controversial topic. 

INSTRUCTIONS: Read theFallacious Arguments Handoutand theSample Argument Document. Then, think of a controversial topic from recent news and create an argument in favor or against some action related to the topic. Be sure to avoid using any fallacious arguments (refer to the handout). Use at least three factual statements to support your view, and in your conclusion, list an opposing viewpoint and provide a counter response to it. 

Your assignment should be organized as a paragraph. Proofread.

There are numerous kinds of writing that reports information – newspapers, textbooks, magazines, internet, and the list goes on. It is almost impossible to read anything that does not have some sort of reporting going on. When a writer reports information, readers take something key for granted: the writer knows her subject! This kind of writing normally calls for research to demonstrate knowledge and intimacy about the subject. When you report information, you are the expert! This is a key area where the big 6 will play a vital role – be sure to review ‘Helpful Links’. Have you considered the who, what ,why, where, when, and how regarding the subject at hand?

Journals:
Journals will be a much fuller exploration of the ideas you were discussing on the discussion board. Answer each of the following questions in a one page typed journal entry. That means one page for each question! You must type in 12pt. Times New Roman Font. Please use 1.5 spacing. Points will be given for journals based on the following scale:

1.What does it really mean to multi-task? Is it a good practice? What are its benefits/non-benefits? How much of a factor and influence is technology with this subject? 

Remember, everything you write is your opinion. Be sure to use 3^rd person!

1. In this learning activity, you will write an essay that critically evaluates one of the major genres of literature and how it contributes to our understanding of humanity. Choose from fantasy, biography, romance, mystery, science fiction, autobiography, informational, or poetry.

Select one of those genres for a critical essay on how the work represented in this genre helps us better understand ourselves and each other. 

For example, one might select the fairytale genre that would include works such as Snow White, Cinderella, and Little Red Riding Hood.  You may wish to approach this from the perspective of a child and what children learn from the genre. Additionally, to provide contrast, you may also offer an adult’s perspective on how lessons learned as a child from the fairytales translate into adulthood. As you evaluate your genre, consider it from different viewpoints to provide a thorough analysis. Be sure to provide a reference listing of all sources used in your essay and follow the essay guidelines below.

Essay Guidelines:

Your research should be documented by citing at least five credible sources, such as a textbook, a newspaper, a biographic article, book, or website. Wikipedia and any similar online reference sites where the content may be authored by anyone are not considered credible sources for scholarly writing.

Your essay should be 300–500 words in length, single spaced, and in APA format.

• Describe two ways you leave an electronic, digital trail when you go online with your computer or mobile device. Describe how these trails can be both beneficial and a potential security risk.
• Write about a situation in which you or someone you know was a victim of a privacy, safety, or security breach online. Describe the situation and how it was eventually resolved (at least 3-5 sentences).
• Put your name into a search engine such as Google and review your own digital trail. Briefly describe what you found. Note: If you have a common name, you may need to add additional search terms or experiment with different search terms (ex: Dan Smith Clinton, Iowa).
• Now that you have explored your own digital trail, identify at least three steps you can take to protect your privacy, safety, and security on the web.

Your initial post should contain a minimum of 250 words and be written in complete sentences.

Your essay must be a minimum of 10 typed, double-spaced pages and follow the format provided.Your essay will not receive full credit if it does not follow the format provided.

1) Introduction (up to 1 page):

a) Summarize this portion of the book’s main findings/arguments (1-2 paragraphs)

b) Summarize or outline the rest of your essay (1 paragraph)

*You may wish to write your Introduction in the order that I have presented here: begin with a paragraph that summarizes and end with a paragraph that provides a roadmap of the rest of the paper.However, I encourage creativity and, for example, you may wish to open by presenting a recent case in the news, or with a provocative scenario, etc. that exemplifies the book’s main points.

2) Body (7-9 pages)

The body of your paper should elaborate on two main themes that appear throughout this book, and are supported by some of the course material.

a) The perceptions of criminal justice actors (from witnesses to jurors to police officers) are central to the identification, adjudication, and punishment of law-breakers.However, their perceptions cannot always be trusted.Why not?Your discussion may include, for example:

b) We often exalt the procedures that we use to identify, convict and punish law-breakers as the best, fairest, and most effective in the world. However, these procedures don’t always prevent false perceptions from affecting the criminal justice process and leading to unjust or ineffective outcomes. Why not? Your discussion may include, for example:

*So long as the two themes above are addressed, you may organize the content of your body as you wish.You may find it easiest to address each in turn as they appear above, and that is totally fine.The bullet points in a) and b) are not exhaustive lists, but rather examples to help you understand the kind of content that you should put in your body.Make sure you weave in some content from the rest of the course, even though the majority of your content will come from the book.

3) Conclusion (1-2 pages)

Conclude your essay reflecting on these two themes and his suggestions for improvement.You have a little more control over the content and structure of this section, but I am interested in whether you found the book convincing and whether you think we can overcome the shortcomings that he identifies.I am not looking for grand conclusions along the lines of “our system is flawed but it’s the best in the world!” or “our system is terrible because no one will ever get a fair trial!”Rather, I’d like you to respond to the materials in a thoughtful and organized manner, keeping in mind the topics that you discussed in your essay. Where there particular things that you thought could be improved, while others might be hopeless?Were there parts of the book that you found more convicting than others?Etc

AVIP_TTI_Jan2014.pdf

Please read the above article and give your opinion of autonomous vehicles and comment on at least two other students’ postings under this thread.

___

respond to these two comments (it doesn’t have to be long, few sentences to a whole paragraph

1: Autonomous cars are the thing of the future which are already utilized by companies like Tesla. I feel that these cars are an advanced way of travel that we can benefit from. This method of transportation is much more fuel effective, is generally safer, and also very convenient. The technology must be perfected to ensure safety to the passengers. I also think autonomous cars can help solve traffic issues by regulating traffic speed while communicating with other vehicles. Tesla are the pioneers of autonomous vehicles and have already released cars to the public with the feature. I have not heard of any incident related news to its self driving ability. I think one day soon these cars will floor the road to overall benefit the infrastructure of America.

2:My opinion on autonomous vehicles is that they are a great idea. One benefit for autonomous vehicles are it can reduce stress levels and offers the capability for drivers to rest or work while traveling. Reducing stress levels in drivers can improve roadway behavior in drivers so that drivers don’t get into a road rage with other drivers and cause unnecessary accidents and incidents on the roadway. Drivers that are stressed tend to lose control of their temper and drive recklessly on the roadways endangering other drivers on the roadway. But, with autonomous cars, drivers stress levels will be reduced because drivers can rest or work while traveling without being stressed out.

Please do a paragraph about this post with this instruction .

post most have 4 or more sentences .

you also have to have a high quality post from a content perspective. This means it also needs to do more than agree with or praise a class mate. If you agree with a classmate, explain why, give an example, share what you learned in the readings

One legislator at the federal level who is also a nurse is Lois Capps, a California Democratic representative to the House of Representatives from 1998 to 2016. She had been a nurse for the Santa Barbara School District where she directed the Santa Barbara County’s Teenage Preganancy and Parenting Project and the Parent and Child Enrichment Center (American Nurses Association [ANA], 2016). After being elected to Congress, Capps was the founder and co-chair of the House Nursing Caucus, and the co-chair of the Congressional Heart and Stroke Coalition, the House Cancer Caucus, and the Congressional School Health and Safety Caucus, among others (ANA, 2016). Capps sponsored many health related bills while in Congress, including the HIV Organ Policy Equity Act (which established safeguards for researching and transplanting organs infected with HIV), the National Pediatric Research Network Act (which provided for a research network for rare pediatric diseases and conditions), the Early Hearing Detection and Intervention Act (which mandated hearing screening for children in public schools), the STOP Pain Act (which provided for research into and treatments for pain), and the Hallways to Health Act (which expanded Social Security to improve access to healthcare for children through school health centers) (GovTrack, n.d.). Capps drew on her experience as a nurse and advocated for many public health legislation that would improve access to healthcare and expand research into necessary territories. By directing government funds towards research and healthcare access, Capps helped to improve healthcare delivery for her constituents.

DB .Module 8: Pricing ManagementProvide two pricing strategies that are utilized by most small businesses. Discuss if these strategies are helping these businesses build a strong position with their core customers relative to their competition.

MUST be 300-350 words MINIMUM – very easy and very informal. no right or wrong answer

must have AT LEAST one reference and must be in APA FORMAT!

The art of crafting public policy can cause one group or participant(s) to benefit while creating issues or problems for another group. Examples may include: The Patriot Act (security vs. privacy), Affirmative Action (reverse discrimination), race equality (racial tension), or social welfare (abuses and accountability).

Select a timely public policy example (still in effect) that has been designed to solve a public issue but may have affected another group in a negative manner. Identify all potential stakeholders, and explain the long-term and short-term implications relevant to the stakeholders. Also, explain the challenges involved in crafting the policy.

Your written response should be at least two-pages in length. Format your response using APA style. Be sure to include citations for any sources used to avoid plagiarism.

Dave

Professional Development

W rite a response to the following prompt:

Explain why it is said that police leadership is now confronting a “crisis stage.” Describe what may be done in the form of professional development to address this problem.
The crisis stage in law enforcement refers to the changes that have been encountered regarding the need for training and development.  Never before in law enforcement has the need for technology been so great.  The next generation needs to be trained to replace those for whom technology and training was not always available.  In order for a department to keep up with the changes to society, law enforcement, the world of technology, and the style of learning, a long term plan must be instituted that ensures these needs are met.  A chief of police needs to train their replacement and so on down the line.  It is important that the “big picture” is seen by all of those coming into the leadership role (Gaines, Glensor, & Peak, 2010).

A new leader must understand their role within the department.  The leader must understand where the department intends to be in the future as well as having some concept on the steps needing to taken to get there.  The new leader must understand the liability issues, they must be able to train toward the goals of the department as well as being able to lead other officers toward that goal (Gaines, Glensor, & Peak, 2010). 

The crisis stage in law enforcement requires that every chief or administrator use strategic planning to develop new leaders, able to assume the role of leadership when they leave.  When strategic planning is used to have a vision for the future and requirements needed to achieve these goals, the chief can then implement training and mentoring that develops the subordinates into the future of the department.  This is referred to as a legacy (Gaines, Glensor, & Peak, 2010).

References

Gaines, L. K., Glensor, R. W., & Peak, K. J. (2010). Police Supervision and Management: In an Era of Community Policing. Upper Saddle River: Pearson Education, Inc.

Watch these videos and write at least 3 pages’ review report. Don’t write as the person who watched the video, but pretended you are in the concert. Write how you feel, and follow the guideline in the attached document.

Here is the video link:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i6DcxiBG60o

• AUTHORS (HARLEM RENAISANCE) , (Cultural Diversity and the Color-Line), (Latino Influence and La Mestiza), (Native American Influence)…
• Sandra Cisneros
• Judith Ortiz Cofer
• Kynclová, Tereza
• Li- Young Lee

• Cathy Son
• Zora Neale Hurston
  • Langston Hughes
  • Claude McKay
  • Alice Walker
  • Toni Morrison
  • W.E.B. DuBois
  • Fredrick Douglass

How have your thoughts on cultural diversity and minority changed since the beginning of this course and what three key writers most influenced that change? Consider the terms we have discussed: cross-culture, diversity, mestiza consciousness, borderlands, minority, majority, etc. Please respond in a five-paragraph APA essay format with quotes, proper in-text citations, and references.

Please respond in a five-paragraph APA essay format with quotes, proper in-text citations, and references.

Please be sure to include the following in your assignment submission:

• Write a formal, 5-paragraph essay in APA format, including a cover page, in response to this question. Base your answer on your own observations and support your assertions quoting from your assigned readings.
• Review the assigned readings from the course. Highlight quotes, summarize, or paraphrase from this week’s readings and be sure to include an in-text citation in proper APA format (Author, year, p. X).
• We must include three quotes from our readings. When we discuss literature, it is all about the words before us. They are ours to consider and reflect on. So, you will want to make a strong assertion and prove it, or support it, by quoting from the readings. Include three quotes in our essay.
• Create a strong thesis for your essay. A thesis states shares the Author, Title of the piece being explored, and a strong assertion, and ideally will share key discussion points.

Performance Standards and Appraisals

Performance appraisals should be timely, thoughtful, consistent, thorough, and free from bias. How can performance appraisal systems be structured to facilitate this type of environment? Effective performance standards and appraisals can promote an open and continuous relationship among the nurse manager, HR professionals, and employees. How might you, as a nurse manager, use performance appraisals and other performance management strategies, such as positive discipline, in your leadership approach?

In this Discussion, you reflect on questions that commonly arise when assessing performance appraisal processes.

• Performance Standards:
  • Who creates performance standards, and how are they communicated to employees?
  • Are performance standards consistent with quality standards commonly used in the nursing profession?
  • Do performance standards align with legal and ethical nursing practice?
• Performance Appraisals:
  • How is employee performance (i.e., behaviors, attitudes, abilities, and skills) documented?
  • What measures, if any, protect employees from subjectivity?
  • Are employees asked to engage in any form of self-evaluation?
  • Do colleagues participate in peer evaluations such as 360-degree appraisals?
  • Does the performance appraisal process encourage employee development?
  • Aside from the written performance measures, what aspects contribute to success or failure in achieving performance improvement?

To prepare

• Review this week’s media, “Performance Management,” and consider the best practices highlighted by this week’s presenters.
• Reflect on the performance standards and appraisal systems used in your current organization or one with which you are familiar. With the above questions in mind, identify this organization’s strengths and areas for improvement.
  • Drawing from ideas presented in this week’s Learning Resources, think of specific ways you might improve your organization’s use of performance standards and/or the performance appraisal process.
• Review the article, “Positive Discipline Reaps Retention.” As a nurse manager, how might you incorporate positive discipline into your performance management approach? What effect–good, bad, or indifferent–do you think it would have on your nursing staff?

Post a description of the performance appraisal system used in your workplace, including how performance standards are created and communicated to employees. Describe the effectiveness of the performance appraisal system by sharing at least two strengths and two areas for improvement. Conclude your posting by explaining how you might incorporate positive discipline into your performance management approach and what impact you think it will have.

Please do a paragraph about this post with this instruction .

post most have 4 or more sentences .

you also have to have a high quality post from a content perspective. This means it also needs to do more than agree with or praise a class mate. If you agree with a classmate, explain why, give an example, share what you learned in the reading

Hospitals will be places for people who are very, very sick and need intensive attention that can’t be given in another environment.Hospitals will basically become intensive care units because medical technology will have advanced to the point where so many things can be done on the outside (Adamopoulos, 2013).

Remote monitoring: New technological applications for engaging, communicating with, and delivering care to patients will be “huge” over the next 15 years. As a result, providers will be able to serve more patients with existing resources.There will be more monitoring of chronic conditions through mobile apps, in which the patient provides information that feeds directly into our EHR system, which will be able to evaluate those data. If, say, a diabetic’s glucose levels are within a predetermined range, the information is just recorded for future reference. If the glucose levels are problematic, both caregiver and patient will get a message saying ‘We need to connect’. And, if something changes with a patient, we will be able to send her information that’s relevant to the new stage of her disease. Mobile care: In this new system, 10-15 years down the road, much more care will be delivered where the patient is—at home, at work or school, even traveling—using onsite and mobile clinics. Maybe a company that has a handful of salespeople with potential health risks has a regular regional sales meeting. We could see them all together on the same day by traveling with an optimized care team—a physician, a nurse, maybe a physician assistant—to that location. Home care will be used extensively to manage higher-risk populations, including big users of the emergency department (ED). Home care is the least expensive site of care, Newbold points out, and the place where people with their own support systems are most comfortable. We’ll use sensors and early warning systems—this person hasn’t taken her medications, that person is gaining too much weight—to trigger a phone call or a visit to head off a problem. That way, family or neighbors could be educated as well: If this happens, here’s what you do; if that happens, call this number” (Phillips, 2015).

Choose one (1) of the two (2) disaster scenarios below:

1. A hurricane has hit the Southeast U.S. Gulf coast, leaving over 500,000 people homeless, without food or medical attention.
2. A tornado touched down in a Midwestern U.S. city, destroying the entire city, including four (4) major hospitals and the police department / emergency services dispatch center.

Refer to the National Response Framework’s Emergency Support Function Annexes, located athttp://www.fema.gov/national-preparedness-resource-library and the National Disaster Recovery Framework’s Recovery Support Functions Index, located athttp://www.fema.gov/recovery-support-functions.

Write a at least five page paper in which you:

1. Develop the response plan as a member of the emergency and crisis management team for your chosen scenario. Determine at least two (2) federal agencies that should assist in the response plan for the disaster scenario and summarize their duties, responsibilities, and actions as outlined in the National Response Framework’s Emergency Support Function Annex.
2. Develop the mitigation plan as a member of the emergency and crisis management team for your chosen scenario. Determine at least two (2) federal agencies that should assist in the mitigation plan for the disaster scenario and summarize their duties, responsibilities, and actions as outlined in the National Disaster Recovery Framework’s Recovery Support Functions Index. Specify how your chosen federal agencies assist in the recovery mission of your discussed disaster scenario.
3. Speculate on the main difficulties (e.g., the ability to utilize federally funded relief, the problems associated with the infrastructure of the community struck with the disaster, etc.) that would be involved in the emergency response for your chosen scenario. Next, propose one (1) strategy that you could take as a member of the emergency and crisis management team in order to overcome the difficulties in question. Provide a rationale for your response.

Based on the textbook and reading assignment, “Changing Organizational Culture to Adapt to a Community Policing Philosophy,” what are two issues encountered while transitioning an organization to a community policing philosophy? What barriers impede the effectiveness of Total Quality Management (TQM) in the process of improving organizational structure that can best facilitate community policing? How do “traditional” policing attitudes improve or impede organizational change?  

Your initial response should be 250-300 words in length. Please support your claims with examples from the text and/or scholarly articles. Read the article, and list references thanks all questions need answered

I posted the article below we are supposed to read(I will)

The citation  for the article is Hafner, M. R. (2003, September). Changing organizational culture to adapt to community policing philosophy. FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin, 72(9), 6-9. doi: 451023311

Many police agencies experience difficulties when trying to motivate officers to enthusiastically embrace a community policing philosophy. Agencies often start costly community policing programs only to find that few officers actually partake in the transformation while most continue to operate under traditional reactionary modes of law enforcement. Police managers first must create an organizational culture that communicates direction and mission before empowering officers to start community policing programs. Otherwise, the agency will have many programs, but the underlying organizational culture will not develop a partnership with the community–the main ingredient required for a community policing philosophy.

The Problem

On January 29, 2001, I accepted the chief of police position in Keller, Texas, a community of 30,000 residents located in the Dallas/Fort Worth metropolis. During the past decade, the city of Keller has grown rapidly from a small rural town to an upscale community with a high demand for customer service. I quickly learned that the department had well-trained officers, an adequate level of funding, and community policing programs, such as bike and mounted patrols and a citizen police academy. But, something was missing; an underlying dissension existed in the community. Citizens perceived the department as an agency that suppressed and harassed people, particularly the youth.

Officers were not breaking the law; however, they did not appear as professional, compassionate, and courteous as they should have. The local newspaper had printed several editorials from citizens complaining about police harassment. Before I arrived, the community had shown their dissatisfaction toward the department by rejecting a local sales tax referendum that would have provided new funding for community policing programs.

The Plan

After spending 6 months listening to the public and observing day-to-day police operations, I determined that the Keller Police Department, as an organization, failed to continuously improve and adapt to change. It was a competent law enforcement agency, but it lacked the ability to develop a meaningful partnership with the community. At one of the first staff meetings, I asked the supervisors and managers to articulate the agency’s mission statement and core values. Most could not genuinely answer the question, and the ones that attempted to provide a response only talked about the enforcement aspect of the job. An emphasis on building partnerships with the community while providing value-driven service committed to excellence was missing. The employees were not acting as a team but, rather, as individuals with their own agendas. Certain cliques existed among departmental leaders and employees. For example, one clique emphasized enforcing laws, while another focused on building partnerships with the community. The organization lacked a common mission and vision.

Police agencies must have mission statements that incorporate the residents’ desires and visions of what they want their department to focus on. I spent 6 months talking to residents, business leaders, high school students, and senior citizens, asking them to help shape the future of their police agency. I shared the information I gained with the agency’s staff at a retreat we conducted away from the department location. I created a mission statement easy to remember that contained the essential elements necessary to bring a meaningful change: The Keller Police Department is a value-driven organization committed to excellence and will partner with the community to make Keller a better place to live, visit, and conduct business. Together, at the retreat, we adopted our new mission statement and the organizational philosophy to carry it out; we exhaustively discussed the statement and the plan to implement it.

The next step included building an organizational culture that would work enthusiastically toward meeting our mission. The Keller command staff realized that we would never achieve the optimal level of service externally until we began to perform at the optimal level internally. Police agencies often find it hard to motivate officers and employees to embrace a community policing philosophy because, although managers communicate the expectations regarding problem resolution and customer service, it is business as usual internally. The culture inside serves as a mirror effect outside.

The Keller Police Department adopted a philosophy of continuous improvement. Individuals and organizations should recognize how adept they are, but they never should become complacent. Learning leads to improvement, which, in turn, requires learning. We understood that we effectively could not embrace a community policing philosophy without improvement.

One of the agency’s lieutenants who understood the vision, mission, and values required to bring about a lasting change needed by our department developed our culture around a philosophy he named “E to the 4th power.” All of our decisions, choices, and relationships are built on empathy, edification, enthusiasm, and excellence. When we focus on others and not ourselves, we become much happier and content. We strive to proactively create value in all that we do and with everyone we encounter. Unfortunately, many people descend into the pitfalls of self-focusing. In our work life, this translates into bad morale, selfishness, dissension, low productivity, and the popular “us against them mentality.” In our personal life, it results in depression, addiction, broken relationships, and self-pity. Therefore, we trained and developed team members to realize that the secret of a happy existence means serving something larger than ourselves and continually improving. We tested all of our individual and organizational decisions, choices, actions, and thoughts against E to the 4th power. If our decisions, choices, and actions did not promote E to the 4th power, we were not truly in line with our organizational philosophy. The mission statement identified our commitment to the external customer, and the organizational philosophy demonstrated our commitment to each other as team members.

The Results

For the first time, the direction and expectations became clear to everyone within the organization. Now, we test all of our initiatives and actions using two questions: Does it make Keller a better place to live, visit, and conduct business? And, does it promote E to the 4th power? We even ask these questions in reference to budget expenditures for equipment, training, personnel, and new programs. If one action fails the test, we do not continue to consider it. We believe that if our organization spends the time developing better people, we, in turn, will become better employees.

Our community policing programs now have a meaning of value attached to them. Our employees are more empowered and receive greater job satisfaction. Employees use less sick leave, and the corresponding overtime expenditures remain within our budget goals. The change in our philosophy has secured very competitive wages and benefits, and employees rarely leave the organization. Now, peers hold each other accountable using the mission statement and E to the 4th power. On their own, officers have placed the mission statement on the sun visors of their patrol cars to continuously remind them of their focus to build partnerships with the community.

The quality of life for all stakeholders has improved dramatically. Community support for the police department has risen, and the negative editorials in the local newspaper have ended. Keller citizens gave their stamp of approval by overwhelmingly voting for an increase in the sales tax to fund a building expansion project. The Keller Chamber of Commerce endorsed the sales tax referendum and, after its passage, awarded the distinguished service award for 2001 to the Keller Police Department for exceptional service to the community. These results sent a strong message to the employees that we are heading in the right direction.

Our external communications with the public showed a dramatic increase since we adopted our new mission statement and organizational philosophy. The e-safe program that allows citizens to communicate with our department via the Internet increased from 495 e-mails in 2000 to 2,565 e-mails in 2001. Our calls for service also increased from 30,844 to 38,376 during that time period. Our employees are working harder to serve the public. Additionally, our internal communications have improved with monthly newsletters from the chief and a commendation folder in a computer software program that allows employees to commend each other for actions that clearly exhibit E to the 4th power.

Additionally, the Keller Police Department made the symbol of our organizational culture the actual performance evaluation. If E to the 4th power is the basis and foundation of how we make decisions and choices, then we have to actually measure ourselves by empathy, edification, enthusiasm, and excellence. Now, our individual behaviors and attitudes impact our salary step raises in addition to the traditional performance measures, Moreover, the city manager has recognized the contagious effect of E to the 4th power and organized a committee to implement it citywide.

Conclusion

The task of proactively developing and creating value to others is imperative to any agency that desires an effective community policing program. Police managers should talk with community residents to gain, their input in helping to shape their agency. Further, all department employees must share a common vision.

Once an agency designs a mission statement to form a partnership with the community, it then can create an internal philosophy based on empathy, edification, enthusiasm, and excellence. Police departments must clarify their expectations and mission before they attempt to empower employees to begin programs within their communities. Without partnership relationships internally, law enforcement managers cannot expect their employees to build them externally.

Elements of E to the 4th Power

Empathy

Listen first

View things from the

of others

Be mature

Forgive others

Seek win-win solutions

Share information exhaustively

Be open to learning

Edification

Build partnership relationships

Empower and recognize each other

Be a team member

Create value to receive value

Honor those who are absent

Enthusiasm

Have fun

Serve each other as internal customers

Improve the quality of life for all stake-‘

holders

Adapt to change

Take ownership

Be passionate

Excellence

Have high expectations

Take pride

Have high performance and ethical

standards

Be accountable

Be problem-resolution oriented

Be quality driven

~~~~~~~~

By Mark R. Hafner, M.P.A.

Chief Hafner heads the Keller, Texas, Police Department.

Required Text

Oliver, W. (2008). Community-oriented policing: A systematic approach to policing (4th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education, Inc. ISBN 13: 978-0-13-158987-2

1. Chapters order to successfully complete this week’s assignments, read the following chapters from the text, Community-Oriented Policing: A Systematic Approach to Policing:

• Chapter Seven  – Organization and Management
• Chapter Eight – The Role of the Police
• Chapter Nine – The role of the Community

As collective bargaining regarding public employees pay, benefits, and pension obligations agreements have become a significant issue across the United States, complete a comparison of the three models of collective bargaining. In your analysis, identify which model(s) are more advantageous to either labor or management and why. How does the reduction of employee rights in several states affect law enforcement? What impact does the inability to strike have on the collective bargaining process?

  Tyler

Collective bargaining consists of negotiations between an employer and a group of employees so as to determine the conditions of employment among this process are concepts employed for specific circumstances. The first of the three models on collective bargaining is the marketing concept. This concept focuses on labors that are bought and sold to the market place. Then there is the government concept, this is an institution and bargaining here is based on a constitutional system of rulemaking. The third is indusial relations, where the views on participative decision making and employees and employers exist together, with a vital interest for all parties. This concept contains two approaches a unilateral approach and a bilateral approach. The unilateral approach is when the employer decides the conditions of employment and the latter the bilateral is when both the employee and employer negotiate the terms of employment.

  Given the three I believe the bilateral approach of the Industrial relation concept prove to be more favorable for law enforcement unions. This is because they get a say in the negotiating process, which will later lead to a better labor agreement for the employees. Furthermore the subject on police officer usually being barred from striking this often given the management a leg up on the bargaining process. Often time police managers offer a take it or leave it mentality when working with the union. Largely because the management knows they cannot simply refuse the directions or decisions passed down. However a strong union president will in fact make life very hard for management if this mentality is utilized first rather than cooperation. 

Our discussion first then the persons answer, need to tell the bad and good of post list references

For your first essay assignment, due September 30 at 11:59 PM, you will be further exploring the topic raised by this week’s discussion forum. However, you will also be writing in depth about at least one specific example of European art that was inspired by another culture. Please discuss the visual similarities and differences between the work of Western art and the source that inspired it. What was the original cultural context of the non-Western art or artifact that was appropriated? How did it inspire a European or American artist? What was happening in each culture when each work was created? How did the meaning of the imagery change when it was appropriated?

I encourage you to write about a new topic for your essay assignment, but if you would like to revisit the topic you’ve chosen for the discussion forum this week, significant additional analysis and research should be apparent in the essay. Here is a list of possible topics but you are not limited to these options. Please note that several of these options refer to artists that you have not yet studied.

• Near Eastern art and history: Delacroix’s Death of Sardanapalus, Ingres’ Turkish Bath, etc.)
• Islamic architecture and tile mosaics: artists of the Aesthetic movement (for example, Frederic Leighton’s Arab Hall); M. C. Escher’s tesselations and the Alhambra
• Chinese art and architecture: “Chinoiserie” in European art, such as Boucher’s The Chinese Garden
• Japanese ukiyo-e prints: 19th century painters such as Mary Cassatt, Gauguin, Van Gogh, and Whistler.
• Oceanic culture, religion, and art (native peoples of the Pacific Islands and Australia): Gauguin, Die Brücke artists, etc.
• African sculptures and tribal masks: Brancusi, Picasso, Matisse, Modigliani, and many other early modern artists
• Ancient Iberian sculpture: Picasso
• Ancient Cycladic art: Brancusi, Giacometti, Hans Arp, Barbara Helpworth, etc.
• Mesoamerican art (specifically Chacmool sculptures): Henry Moore’s reclining figures
• Navajo sand paintings: Jackson Pollock
• Persian and Indian miniature painting: Shahzia Sikander

Your essay should be about three pages (1000 words), and in it, you should cite your sources according to MLA standards. Attach images if you can but please note that sometimes Canvas causes some formatting problems. Your work will be checked for plagiarism, so please paraphrase carefully, use quotation marks when using direct quotes, and include a works cited.

This is a position paper NOT A FORMATIVE PAPER

Topic: The effects of nutrition programs on decreasing the burden of childhood obesity in US.

Thesis Statement: Nutrition programs have significant contributions in decreasing the burden of childhood obesity in the United States of America. For this reason, supporting these programs and their additional funds is necessary in order for them to continue expanding.

AS EXAMPLES OF NUTRIONS PROGRAMES PLEASE USE LETS’ MOVE COMPING BY MICHELLE OBAMA AND2 OTHER EXAPLES.

The Assignment:

You are required to write a cogent paper describing a well conceived and supported position on a controversial issue related to public health, based on the list of topics available on the CDC’s Winnable Battles website (THE LINK TO MY TOPIC IS: https://www.cdc.gov/winnablebattles/obesity/index.html)

Requirements:

1. Each paper draft should be at least 2500 words (about 10 standard double-spaced pages), plus additional pages for title page and references.

2. You MUST use section headings labeled: Introduction, Background, Supporting Arguments (with subheadings for each argument), Opposing Arguments (with subheadings for each argument), and Conclusion.

3. Introduction — Clearly state your position on the issue in a concise manner in an introductory paragraph. Place the issue in the proper context, with any needed statistics or supporting facts. Identify the audience for whom the position statement will be useful.

4. Background — Describe the background of the issue that constitutes the rationale for the topic being labeled as an issue. Background must include contemporary, relevant data and appropriate citations. Remember this is NOT an opinion paper.Therefore the background should include:

· Terminology related to your issue

· Summary of the controversy related to your issue

· Legitimate research done on your issue

· Descriptions of the impact this data has on your issue.

5. Supporting Argument — When presenting your position, you will need to discuss both sides of the issue and clearly state the position you are supporting. Present the supporting argument first, with at least THREE points supporting you position. These points must be firmly rooted in findings from research studies and should not be conjecture, supposition or opinion. Use subheadings for each supporting point so that it is clear that your points are distinct from each other.

6. Opposing Argument – Why might your target audience be opposed to your position? There may be research studies that have found results counter to your points, state these and explain how your position takes these counterpoints into consideration. It may also be that the news media has presented less well researched positions that have influenced public opinion. Address the flaws in their points. You may include these sources in your counter arguments as long as they are from reputable sources. If you are unsure, check with your professor. Again, use subheadings to ensure that you are providing three distinct counterarguments.

7. Conclusion – Bring the paper to a logical conclusion by summarizing the essence of the argument and then conclude by restating your thesis or position in similar words used in the introduction to your position.

8. References – Your list of references must include a minimum of ten reputable sources. These should be academic sources, such as current journal articles. Do NOT use videos or TV shows and avoid the popular press. In some cases reputable newspapers and magazines may be useful, but you must have 10 peer reviewed sources before you use a popular press source. In any event, a popular press piece must be a supplemental source, not the main source for your paper. Reputable web sources are acceptable (CDC, WHO, HHS, etc.) Look for .gov, .edu or .org endings but when in doubt, ask the professor!

Be sure that all references used are listed on the references page. Further, references listed on the reference page should be used in the paper. Do not list what you do not use and do not use what you do not list. Double check for accuracy!

9. Apply principles of good composition, including appropriate sentence structure, grammar and meticulous attention to detail in every aspect of your writing.

10. Strict APA format standards will be applied to the grading of your paper so pay close attention to citations within the text and in the list of references. The title page should also conform to APA style. These standards also apply to the draft. If you are in doubt, check the Hacker Handbook APA style section. There are no excuses for lack of APA style.

11. Correctly cited paraphrasing is expected. You may use exactly one (1) quote if you feel it adds to your paper in a way that paraphrasing cannot. The use of more than one quote will result in the deductions of points. You are at the point in your academic career that you do not need to rely on other’s words. You are capable of synthesizing and citing information properly. If you do use a quote, be sure to introduce it and integrate it into the paragraph. Do not just slap the quote into the paragraph and expect it to wondrously explain everything. Remember, quotes require page numbers, synthesized and paraphrased information does not; however, all work that is not your original thought requires citation.

Below is an example of a paper that should be similar to my paper:

Vending Machines in Schools: Removing the Junk, Supplying Healthier Options

Introduction

School-age children consume about 35-50% of their daily caloric intake during school hours (Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, 2013). In recent years, federal and state policies have begun to change food offerings to children during school hours in order to improve the health status of children in the United States. Campaigns such as Michelle Obama’s “Let’s Move!” teaches Americans about the importance of proper diet and regular physical activity in children to prevent obesity and other disease (letsmove.gov, 2013). Nutrition in childhood is important because it teaches healthy habits and behaviors that will last through life, preparing children for a healthy and happy adulthood.

Vending machines located in primary and secondary schools traditionally provide snacks and beverages for children to consume during the day, but many do not offer healthy options such as low-sugar drinks and healthy snacks, such as fruit and granola bars (Rovner, Nansel, Wang, & Iannotti, 2011). Providing healthy foods to children in schools helps them learn about proper nutrition and also sets the stage for a healthy learning environment. In addition to breakfast and lunch provided by schools, many districts also supply their schools with vending machines for children to choose additional snacks to supplement their meal options. This paper is aimed to educate parents, educators, school board members, and policy makers about the dangers of too much junk food in children’s diets and persuade them to change the options offered to school-age children in vending machines. There are some counter arguments for healthier vending machines, including mostly financial concerns, and these will be discussed to acknowledge that there may be some readers opposed to the position of this paper.

Background

Obesity is a health problem that can lead to devastating chronic diseases. Diabetes, heart disease, high cholesterol and hypertension are possible direct effects of being overweight (Park, Sappenfield, Huang, Sherry, & Bensyl, 2010). A sustained status of obesity can also be linked to arthritis, stroke, liver disease, cancer, and a shorter life (Riis, Grason, Strobino, Ahmed, & Minkovitz, 2012). Obesity is measured by BMI, or body mass index, which is defined as a ratio of height to weight for each sex. The term obese is used for anyone falling over the 85^th percentile of BMI for his or her sex, height, and weight (Park, et al., 2010).

Obesity during childhood is a strong indicator of obesity in adulthood and, in addition to causing physical health problems, obesity in children can also cause emotional problems linked to bullying and social stress (Park, et al., 2010; Cunningham & Zavodny, 2011). The prevalence of obesity among children has been rapidly increasing over recent decades, with rates almost tripling in children aged 6-19 since the 1970s (Fletcher, Frisvold, & Teft, 2010; Wang, Orleans, & Gortmaker, 2012). It is estimated that 23.5 million children in the United States are currently overweight or obese, according to the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation (2013). To counteract these rising statistics of obesity in children, goals have been set for reduction of these rates in Healthy People 2020, which are goals set by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services for improving the health of Americans by certain deadlines. One of the goals is to reduce the prevalence of childhood obesity rates to 14.6% by 2020, which is ten percent less than the prevalence of obesity in children aged 2-19 years in 2005-2008 (Wang, et al., 2012).

Nation-wide, students eat about 400 billion calories in junk food served in schools every year (Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, 2013). To achieve the goals set by Healthy People 2020 and reduce childhood obesity by ten percent by 2020, a decrease of 64 calories per day, per child would be necessary to reduce the weight of children to meet these goals (Wang, et al., 2012).

It has been shown that children learn valuable and significant lessons about nutrition and diet from their teachers and peers, so changing eating behaviors in school is one step towards decreasing obesity and improving the health status of children (Rovner, et al., 2011). To decrease consumption of empty calories in junk food, increase nutrient intake, and improve the health status of children across the country, states and school districts have set policies in place, following federal legislation signed in 2004, to improve the quality of school lunches and food offerings sponsored by the school (Kubik, Wall, Shen, Nanney, Nelson, Laska, & Story, 2010). However, vending machines are not included in school nutrition programs and are not required to comply with federal regulations for the nutritional quality of offered foods, since they exist on private contracts between the schools and venders (Kubik, et al., 2010; Rovner, et al., 2011; Kramer-Atwood, Dwyer, Nicklas, Johnson, & Schulz, 2002; Finkelstein, French, Variyam, & Haines, 2004). Though some policies do already address the offering of vending machines and other non-sponsored food options, more rigorous policies are necessary to enact significant change in vending offerings to reduce obesity in children (Riis, et al., 2012; Fletcher, et al., 2010).

Supporting Argument

In order to create a healthy food environment for students, it is important to remove the availability of junk food in schools’ vending machines and replace vending offerings with low-sugar beverages and nutrient-dense, low-calorie snacks, to supplement the increasing healthful nature of school lunches. Children who attend schools that provide vending machines with high calorie snacks, such as chips, candy, and sodas are more likely to consume these items instead of healthier options, such as granola bars or low-fat milk, and to be or become obese (Park, et al., 2010; Cunningham, et al., 2011). As many as 68% of students may buy a sugary drink (such as soda or sports drinks) every day, adding empty calories and added sugars to their diet (Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, 2013). When soft drinks and sugary snacks are available to students, it displaces the potential for more healthy options to be chosen, such as low-fat milk, water, and baked snacks or fruit (Finkelstein et al., 2004). When more fruits and vegetables are available to students in vending machines, these students consume more fruits and vegetables than students who did not have access to healthy snacks in their vending machines (Rovner, et al., 2011). There is a positive correlation between availability of junk food at school and the amount consumed by students (Cunningham, et al., 2011), supporting the argument that reducing the amount of junk food available to students would reduce the amount that is consumed during the school day.

In a study sponsored by the Centers for Disease Control (CDC), it was found that one fourth of school districts in the nation restricted the sale of junk food and sweetened beverages from vending machines during breakfast and lunch hours (Merlo, Harris, & Lane, 2012). Furthermore, the same research showed that 67.6% of school districts restricted the hours during which soft drinks were sold, and 60.8% restricted the hours of sale of junk food (Merlo, et al., 2012). Students who attend schools participating in nutrition programs and restricting junk food in vending machines are more likely to have healthier diets, consuming more fruits, vegetables, and necessary nutrients, than those students who have more access to junk food in school (Finkelstein, et al., 2004). A study analyzing laws in 40 states showed that students living in states with more strict nutrition policies and laws regarding vending in schools gained less weight over a three-year study period than students who lived in less rigorous states (Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, 2013).

In 2004, Congress approved a new law stating that all school districts participating in federally-funded meal programs must “develop and implement wellness policies that address nutrition and physical activity by the start of the 2006-2007 school year,” (Rovner, et al., 2011). However, these wellness policies were left to the individual states and school districts to decide, leading to a variance of nutrition policies in schools across the nation with different restrictions and results. The lack of clarity of these guidelines for wellness policies created the discrepancies seen between school districts and states, and more clear policies are needed to lead school districts to create more synchronized wellness guidelines to cause forward progress in childhood nutrition and wellness across the nation.

The sale of junk food and sweetened beverages from vending machines has been shown to negatively impact the consumption of healthier school-provided lunches. A study in Florida in 2010 (conducted after the federal legislation required schools to implement nutrition and wellness policies) showed that 99% of respondents stated they had access to a snack vending machine in school and 89% stated they had access to a soda machine (Park, et al., 2010). Of these respondents to the study, 70% of those who bought vending machine offerings instead of lunch confessed that they chose junk food instead of the healthy lunch that was offered by the school (Park, et al., 2010). An analysis of risk factors in this Florida study showed that availability of beverage vending machines during lunch hours more than tripled the chances of students choosing vending offerings instead of the school-provided lunch (Park, et al., 2010).

There are some states with existing policies that have released information regarding their success with their wellness and nutrition programs. In California, legislation requires restriction of junk food and sweetened beverages, and it was found that three years after the implementation of these laws, high school students consumed 158 fewer calories per day than students who attended schools without strict vending policies (Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, 2013). These 158 fewer calories are far more than the recommended reduction of 64 calories per day to meet the Healthy People 2020 goal, leading to the potential for the success of this goal if more states and districts were to implement similar policies to California’s nutrition standards (Wang, et al., 2012).

Forming healthy nutrition behaviors early in life will lead to lasting habits into adulthood, theoretically reducing the prevalence of obesity in future decades as the current generation ages. Promoting healthier eating habits, including reducing fats and sugars in addition to caloric intake, will not only reduce rates of obesity but also of other related diseases, such as diabetes. Education programs about nutrition should be comprehensive, teaching children about proper nutrition and the importance of regular physical activity, beginning early in childhood and lasting throughout their education in both the classroom and the cafeteria (Kramer-Atwood, et al., 2002). A more well-rounded knowledge about nutrition and wellness could incite in students of all ages a desire to make healthier food choices, a behavior change which can only take effect if there is increased access to healthier vending options in schools and decreased access to junk foods and sugary beverages.

Opposing Argument

While there are a great many reasons for why schools should transition to healthier options in vending machines, there are some arguments for why this is not a feasible option. A Harvard poll surveyed Americans about childhood obesity, and found that while 75% of respondents supported measures to prevent childhood obesity even if it cost them money, only 59% supported the removal of junk food and sweetened beverages from schools (Finkelstein, et al., 2004). What is the reason for the difference in opinions?

One significant argument is that, while school policies can restrict consumption of junk foods and sugary beverages while students are present during school hours, they cannot prevent children from consuming these products after school hours and outside of school grounds (Cunningham, et al., 2011; Fletcher, et al., 2010). One study found that, in schools where soft drinks were available, 86% of children were consuming sodas, compared with 84% of children consuming soda in schools that did not offer them (Fletcher, et al., 2010). As such, it is feasible to reason that students who do not have access to junk food or sweetened beverages at school will spend their money on these items elsewhere (Finkelstein, et al., 2004).

Another possible reason for the poll’s results of almost half of Americans disagreeing with a movement to remove junk food from schools is the potential for profit for the school and the school districts. Profits from competitive foods, or foods sold outside the school’s designated meal plans, are often used to fund school operations, activities, and materials (Finkelstein, et al., 2004). As previously mentioned, schools enter into private contracts with vendors and brand name fast foods, agreeing to sell those items in their vending machines for a portion of profits (Kramer-Atwood, et al., 2002). This is happening in school districts across the country: one soft drink company signed contracts with different school districts in 1998-1999 for amounts of $9.1 million, $14 million, and $15.5 million; a Maryland school district signed a contract with a soft drink company that awarded the district 45% of the profits in addition to an additional $175,000 profit per year (Kramer-Atwood, et al., 2002). These monetary contributions to school districts may be important in certain areas where there is a lack of funding for public schools.

Many federal policies only regulate the sale of junk foods during the lunch hour and in the cafeteria (Kramer-Atwood, et al., 2002). While this does aid in the reduction of purchases of junk food and sugary drinks by students during mealtimes, it still allows for the purchase of these items during other hours of the day. If regulations were to only allow junk food to be sold before and after school hours, and to increase the availability of healthy snacks in vending machines to all hours of the day, students may be more inclined to purchase healthier snacks since they are the only available option while school is in session. This would require the purchase of additional vending machines, which would only hold healthy items, but having the possibility of vending profits to be lengthened to the entire school day could hold profits for the schools.

A final argument that may be presented against the option of supplying healthier food options in school vending machines is that students won’t improve their diets if given the chance. Changing from a choice of full-fat milk and a candy bar to solely diet soda may indeed greatly decrease caloric intake, but it also takes away nutrients that the student may not supplement elsewhere (Fletcher, et al., 2010). Also, if only some vending machines offer healthier options but others with junk food and sweetened beverages remain available to the students, only a small proportion of students may willingly make the change, whether that is in regard to personal preference or to lack of knowledge on a healthy diet.

Conclusion

So, how can we change the proportion of Americans that are in disagreement (41%, Finkelstein, et al., 2004) to changing the options in vending machines in schools? While there is some evidence that the transition may be expensive, and that students may still consume junk food outside of school hours, the habit of healthy eating during the day could be long-lasting and benefit the children for many years to come.

Though financial concerns are reasonable arguments, it is still possible that profits may be made from healthier options. In fact, a recent study found that when states enforced their nutrition policies about food and drinks, they had an increase in profits from food sales (Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, 2013). Prices in vending machines should be carefully monitored and set so that healthier options are more cost-effective than junk food, and that school meals provide the best deal for students (Kramer-Atwood, et al. 2002). It is also of extreme importance to educate children from an early age about proper nutrition, to ensure that they are knowledgeable enough to make healthy food choices if given the option (Kramer-Atwood, et al., 2002).

Vending machines located in primary and secondary schools traditionally provide snacks and beverages for children to consume during the day, but do not offer healthy options such as low-sugar drinks and healthy snacks, such as fruit and granola bars. The proposal of this paper was to create more rigorous policies to increase a transition to machines that offer nutrient-dense options to promote healthy eating habits to help reduce and prevent obesity, diabetes, and other health issues in children.

References

Cunningham, S. A. & Zavodny, M. (2011). Does the sale of sweetened beverages at school affect children’s weight? Social Science & Medicine, 73, 1332-1339. doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2011.08.003

Finkelstein, E., French, S., Variyam, J. N., & Haines, P. S. (2004). Pros and cons of proposed interventions to promote healthy eating. American Journal of Preventative Medicine, 27 (3S), 163-171. doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2004.06.017

Fletcher, J. M., Frisvold, D., & Tefft, N. (2010). Taxing soft drinks and restricting access to vending machines to curb child obesity. Health Affairs, 29 (5), 1059-1066. doi: 10.1377/hlthaff.2009.0725

Kramer-Atwood, J. L., Dwyer, J., Hoelscher, D. M., Nicklas, T. A., Johnson, R. K., & Schulz, G. K. (2002). Fostering healthy food consumption in schools – focusing on the challenges of competitive foods. Journal of the American Dietetic Association, 102 (9), 1228-1233.

Kubik, M. Y., Wall, M., Shen, L., Nanney, M. S., Nelson, T. F., Laska, M. N., & Story, M. (2010). State but not district nutrition policies are associated with less junk food in vending machines and school stores in US public schools. Journal of the American Dietetic Association, 110 (7), 1043-1048. doi: 10.1016/j.jada.2010.04.008

Letsmove.gov (2013). Let’s move: America’s move to raise a healthier generation of kids. Retrieved fromhttp://www.letsmove.gov/

Merlo, C. L., Harris, D. M., & Lane, K. G. (2012). Nutrition services and the school nutrition environment: results from the School Health Policies and Practices Study 2012. In Results from the School Health Policies and Practices Study 2012, 75-89. Retrieved from: http://www.cdc.gov/healthyyouth/shpps/2012/pdf/shpps-results_2012.pdf#page=81

Park, S., Sappenfield, W. M., Huang, Y., Sherry, B., & Bensyl, D. M. (2010). The impact of the availability of school vending machines on eating behavior during lunch: the youth physical activity and nutrition survey. Journal of the American Dietetic Association, 110 (10), 1532-1536. doi: 10.106/j.jada.2010.07.003

Riis, J., Grason, H., Strobino, D., Ahmed, S., & Minkovitz, C. (2012). State school policies and youth obesity. Maternal and Child Health, 16, S111-S118. doi: 10.1007/s10995-012-1000-4Cunn

Robert Wood Johnson Foundation. (2013). How can healthier school snacks and beverages improve student health and help school budgets? In Health Policy Snapshot: Childhood Obesity Issue Brief. Retrieved from: http://www.rwjf.org/content/dam/farm/reports/issue_briefs/2013/rwjf72649

Rovner, A. J., Nansel, T. R., Wang, J., & Iannotti, R. J. (2011). Food sold in school vending machines is associated with overall student dietary intake. Journal of Adolescent Health, 48, 13-19. doi: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2010.08.021

Wang, Y. C., Orleans, C. T., & Gortmaker, S. L. (2012). Reaching the Healthy People goals for reducing childhood obesity: Closing the energy gap. American Journal of Preventative Medicine, 42 (5), 1-8. doi: 10.1016/j.amepre.2012.01.018

Here are links for two articles on immigration: “Nearly 1 in 10 California workers is in country illegally, study finds” –

Los Angeles Times http://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-ln-new-immigrants-california-economy- 20140903-story.html

“It’s Job Opportunity, Stupid” – Center for Immigration Studies http://cis.org/edwards/its-job-opportunity-stupid

Write an essay of no less than 550 and no more than 650 words in which you comment on what these two articles have to say. Your response must be based on what you have learned in the past two weeks concerning the question of historical race issues in California. How do these articles resonate with what you have learned? How are they different? Ultimately your essay should provide an answer to the question are immigrants valuable contributors to life in California or are they not based on the history of immigrants to California.? As you will have only 600 words to tackle these very challenging questions, you must focus your argument carefully by starting with a well-crafted thesis. For evidence to support your argument, your response must rely on the materials, lectures, and videos we have encountered in this class. Apt use of this evidence will be one of the key hallmarks of an excellent response. YOUR ARGUMENT MUST RELY ENTIRELY ON YOUR HISTORICAL KNOWLEDGE OF WHAT YOU HAVE LEARNED ABOUT CALIFORNIA’S HISTORY CONCERNING RACE AND ETHNICITY OVER THE COURSE OF THE PAST TWO WEEKS.

Your paper should begin with an introductory paragraph that states the thesis of your paper. A thesis is a statement of the opinion or point of view you will develop and support in your paper. It should be specific, and it should suggest how you will support your opinion. •

It might be possible to write this paper WITHOUT drawing on the readings, discussions, and lectures for this class, but papers that don’t draw on class materials to support their thesis will be deemed unsatisfactory (D/65) work

. • Your rendering of the evidence from sources must be accurate. •

Every aspect of your paper should engage with supporting your thesis. •

The ideas you express should follow a logical sequence that builds to the complete proof of your thesis.

• The language you use should be clear and free of grammatical or spelling errors. •

The paper should be double-spaced with the first line of each paragraph indented a half inch.

HiAgneta,

Can you Edit and expand the attached Rough Draft into an increasingly well-reasoned and research-supported argument  for your recommendation for your community. Take a fresh look at the draft. Consider the feedback the professor has provided in draft. 

Draft #2 should be about 1750 words, approaching closer the length of the final proposal (2000-2250 words), inclusive of all sections, cover page to references, excluding appendix/ces.  Components: Same as Rough Draft #1 attached.

Human-Computer Interaction, or HCI is a multidisciplinary field of study that focuses on the design of computer technology (including digital media), as well as the interaction between humans and computers.

In the reading for today, the authors describe many aspects or affordances of technological interfaces that impact how users respond to these technologies, in terms of how credible they perceive the technology to be, how memorable they find the content, how burdensome the cognitive load of interacting with the technology is, and how much they learn from the content.

Please describe some of the features/affordances that the reading discusses, and how these affordances impact user responses to the technology. Then think about learning in a classroom. Do you see any parallels between features of technology that users find engaging and helpful, and how learning in best supported in classrooms? You can draw from your own experiences for this.

You can write your response in a short essay format, in the form of bullet points, an outline, a comparative chart/table, or some other format that is helpful for you in making your points.

Note: This reading is very dense and covers many topics. Pick 2 or 3 topics to focus on for this assignment. You do not have to cover all the material in the chapter.

Example 1: Table

Example 2: Outline

Interactivity Positive: has been shown to increase user engagement with and retention of content

• Technology
  • Rich modalities that allow for customization and self-expression contribute to feelings of autonomy
  • User-to-user interaction has been shown to increase motivation
• Classroom
  • Children learn better when they can engage in self-directed learning and connect activities to their own experiences
  • Social constructivist theory suggests that children learn better when engaging with others (active learning)

Example 3: Short Essay

The readings suggest that interactivity can increase user engagement with and retention of technology-mediated content. For example, presenting digital material in multiple modalities…

ENGR 100W

Memo of Introduction

TOPIC

You have chosen a degree in Engineering, which requires effective written and oral

communication. Why did you choose this field? What is it about the field that appeals to

you? What experiences have you had with your chosen subject matter—either learning

about it or working within the field? How did that affect your decision? What do you

plan to do with this knowledge after you graduate?

Writing

Since Engineering requires a great deal of writing, include information about your

writing skills. Are there areas of weakness that concern you? Strengths?

Oral Communication

The field of engineering also requires effective communication skills. Think about your

strengths and weaknesses and explain them.

You need not address these questions/issues in the order presented. Rather, select an

organizational structure that appears most logical to you. Also, somewhere in your

memo include a detailed description of your field and what it entails.

AUDIENCE & PURPOSE:

Your audience for this essay will be prospective

Engineering majors. Your writing purpose will be to tell them about why you made this

decision and to help them understand the field you have chosen.

LANGUAGE USE:

Select language of an academic and scholarly nature—not informal

or conversational.

LENGTH:

It is expected that memo will approximately 1 ½–2 pages.

FORMAT:

Memo must adhere to APA memo format. See rubric below.

Brainstorm below before beginning to write your memo.

Rubric

(1) Correct Memo Format 1

New Times Roman 12 pt

Single Space

Headings

(1) Subject Line

: Gives complete subject being discussed in memo

(1) Purpose

: 2-3 sentences with strong verb: The purpose of this memo is to…(select

verb carefully)analyze? explain? research? discuss? Check the prompt for clues as

to your purpose for writing this memo; there can be two purposes: research and

discuss.

(1) Summary

: 4-6 sentences. This is not an introduction to your topic. It is a

summary of how you have set up your memo, what information you have

included, and any recommendations you make.

(1) Discussion

: An intro paragraph, which gives a brief background of the topic.

Paragraph includes a focus, thesis or argument.

(1) Headings

: Bold. Gives

well-developed

information indicated in the focus, thesis

or argument.

Sub Headings

: Italics no bold. Gives sub information about heading.

(1) Conclusion

: A satisfying conclusion, often giving a recommendation. This is not

a “letter” ending—asking for further communication. The conclusion refers back to

the memo contents.

(1) Adequate development:

1 1/2 full to 2 pages (not counting visuals) of thoughtful

research, critical analysis.

(1) Sentence format

:

Correct sentence structure (no run ons/fragments)

Correct comma usage in sentence structure and grammatical elements

Subject/Predicate clarity Verb tense

(1) Language usage

:

Pronoun agreement

Misuse of Pronouns “our” or “we” instead of precise Noun: ex: “Engineers”

“Citizens.”

Eliminate Wordy sentences/conciseness, word choice & clarit

Assignment 6.2

I suggest that you complete this assignment AFTER completing Discussion 6.1 initial post AND replies.

Put together a 3-paragraph analysis of a chosen advertisement:

1. Rhetorical Context of the Ad and a detailed summary of the ad ( see this

week’se
discussion) – 5-7 sentences

2. Analyze the structure of the ad: its claim (Usually it can be stated as “Buy/use this product/service”); offered reasons (e.g to be “cool” or “to stay healthy.” and so on). State what offered as evidence (of being “cool,” healthy, and so on). Also explain if the logos (claim+reasons+evidence) makes sense in the ad, or if the ad relies more on other appeals.

3. Identify and briefly illustrate all possible other appeals to gender, socio-economic status, race, emotions, the idea of “cool,” sense of nostalgia

an
so on and so forth: 2-3 sentences for each recognized appeal.

Rely on the information from the weekly readings here to guide you in your analysis.

Note: Please remember that by completing this assignment, you are preparing for an upcoming paper. If the initially chosen advertisement gives you little to analyze, choose another one. While some links to video ads in the given articles might not be working (online content does disappear!), the ones that do work might give you ideas for analysis.