HSA 550 WEEK 3 JOURNALS

The Chronicles of a Leader Journal Overview

Worth 40 points apiece

The Chronicles of a Leader journal is an activity in which your leadership experiences are utilized to promote self-reflection, analysis of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT), and track your leadership progress. The journal will also supplement your understanding of leadership theory and application in public health.

Journal entries are worth forty (40) points apiece and are located in Blackboard within the weeks in which they are due.

Journal Entry 2: When selecting someone to join your team, what talents or qualities will you not live without? Analyze the main reasons why you believe the talents or qualities that you identified are important for team members to possess.

PLEASE USE AS A GUIDE OR REWRITE TO MAKE YOURS

HSA 550 WEEK 4 DISCUSSIONS

“Dr., Can You SEE Me Now?” Please respond to the following:

• Consider the changes in Public Health from the year 2000 to present day. According to the textbook, the emergence of technology has been instrumental in healthcare delivery. Use the Internet or Strayer Learning Resource Center to research telemedicine. Next, design a strategic vision that illustrates how public health managers can increase access for a nationwide telemedicine initiative over the next three (3) years.

NOTE: MORE THAN ONE ANSWERS POSTED AS A BONUS CHOOSE ANYONE

HSA 550 WEEK 6 DISCUSSIONS

“Emergency Preparedness Response” Please respond to the following:

• After a disaster event, the local public health community is impacted with an increased burden of diseases. Develop a public health preparedness response to address the scarcity of resources available during an emergency disaster. Note: Refer to Figure 15-1: Crisis Cycle in the textbook.

NOTE: MORE THAN ONE ANSWERS POSTED AS A BONUS CHOOSE ANYONE

HSA 550 WEEK 8 DISCUSSIONS

“Managing Conflict” Please respond to the following:

• Disagreements are a common occurrence in the workplace. Conflict within an organization can affect the atmosphere and productivity of the organization staff.  Propose three (3) strategies you would utilize to resolve conflict between you and your team members. Provide a rationale for each of your proposed strategies.

NOTE: MORE THAN ONE ANSWERS POSTED AS A BONUS CHOOSE ANYONE

HSA 550 WEEK 10 DISCUSSIONS

Trust” Please respond to the following:

• Analyze two (2) ways in which public health leaders can engage grassroots organizations to support Local, State, or Federal partnerships. Suggest two (2) benefits to public health leaders engaging in such activities.

NOTE: MORE THAN ONE ANSWERS POSTED AS A BONUS CHOOSE ANYONE

http://www.freedocumentaries.org/film.php?id=98

Or http://www.hulu.com/watch/63283/super-size-me

The assignment is to write-up the following: Please track the changes he experiences through the movie. Why did he do this diet? What was his starting health? What happened to him along the way?  Attitude, Health, etc.?  At each weigh in? What was his ending health? What did the medical professionals say at the start, middle, end?

Include information on how many times a week you eat fast food (McD, Chick F-A, Taco Bell… any of the “bad” ones) and why you eat it.

200-250 words

An active discussion is the key to an interesting and engaging online course. Discussion in this course is designed to simulate a classroom discussion. As others join in the discussion, you should read what has already been posted and continue on with the discussion from there. We will go through the questions one at a time, moving on to the next question once we have fully explored the current question.

First, let’s start with questions based on your opinion:

1. Why is it important to closely monitor your diet?  Do you do so already?  If no, why not

For your initial post, you will:

· Track your diet for at least 48 hours. Make it a healthy. Write everything down that you put into your mouth, including beverages.

· If you drink coffee, for example, include that and indicate whether or not you add cream and sugar.

· Then, visit the https://www.choosemyplate.gov/start-simple-myplate

·

· web site from the United States Department of Agriculture and evaluate your diet.

· Then, write your post by answering the following question:

· Did your diet include the appropriate balance of the food groups: vegetables, fruits, grains, proteins, and dairy?

· If your diet was too heavy in one area or too light in another, what were the areas? (Don’t forget that just because the new food guide doesn’t include sweets on the plate, doesn’t mean we shouldn’t track those, so be sure to include them in your post)

In what way do you see microbial flora being a benefit to us and in what way can they be a danger?
What would happen if we were to inadvertently kill off the resident flora that lives on and within us? Can you describe two or more diseases that are the result of killing our natural bacteria? How would you fix the problem?  200-250 WORDS

What are the differences between Antiseptics, Disinfectants and Antibiotics? We just learned about microbial genetics, how cells divide and what their nutritional needs are. Some substances inhibit bacterial growth, some can kill cells. Which ones do which? Can you provide examples? 250 WORDS

After reviewing the articles and watching the video below answer the following essay questions.  Please be thorough with your answers. These questions can be submitted online as a Word Document or a PDF File. Please include your name, date, and course number on your assignment (single spaced).  The content of your assignment must be at least two pages doubled spaced using Times New Roman 12-point font.  If you cite your textbook or other references please use APA as your writing format.

Article #1: 

ChronicLiverDisease – Adolescents & Young Adults Article .pdf

Article #2 

Mortality due to Cirrhosis and Liver Cancer – Journal Article.pdf

1)Define Binge Drinking, Alcoholic Liver Disease, Chronic Liver Disease and Cirrhosis of the Liver (feel free to use your textbook, the above resources, or online medical dictionaries to answer this question…remember to cite your definitions).

2) Refer to the “Patterns of Alcohol Consumption Today” section in your textbook, on pages 196-201, as a reference for the following questions.  What is considered normal alcohol consumption versus binge drinking? What negative impact can alcohol consumption have on adolescents and college students (i.e. academically, socially, professionally)? How could alcohol consumption among adolescents and college students lead to chronic liver disease?

3) Before working on this assignment did you know chronic liver disease was on the rise?  Did you know young adults are being disproportionately affected by the disease?  What is driving the increase in chronic liver disease among young adults?  If adolescents and young adults knew of the startling statistics related to chronic liver disease do you think their alcohol consumption would change?  What should be done to inform adolescents and young adults about chronic liver disease?

Part 1 : Please compare and contrast meiosis and mitosis. Highlight major differences and common points in an organized text (No table).

Part 2 : Mendel used mathematics and experimentation to derive major principles that have helped us understand inheritance. His ideas were totally different than the explanation for passage of characteristics from parents to offspring that was common to his time. Discuss at least two of his principles in detail, providing examples. Describe how each principle contributes to genetic variability. Discuss the significance of Mendel’s discoveries to modern biology.

Your main post should  answer both questions , be 600 word long and include a reference section. Each of your replies should be at least 3 lines long and include a reference section. Please gather information related to the topic from your textbook and other reliable sources. Cite all sources used to build your paragraphs at the end of each of your reply.

The minimum length for this assignment is 2,000 words. Be sure to check your Turnitin report for your post and to make corrections before the deadline of 11:59 pm Mountain Time of the due date to avoid lack of originality problems in your work.

Discoveries in DNA, cell biology, evolution, and biotechnology have been among the major achievements in biology over the past 200 years with accelerated discoveries and insights over the last 50 years. Consider the progress we have made in these areas of human knowledge. Present at least three of the discoveries you find to be most important and describe their significance to society, health, and the culture of modern life.

This week you learned about micro nutrients that participate in blood cell formation and function. Also, you learned that minerals are vital players in electrolyte and acid/base balance. This forum will build on that knowledge.

Initial Post:  If your last name starts with the following letter, then you will discuss the following topic for your initial post.

First Letter of Last Name

Topic

A through F

Topic 1

G through L

Topic 2

M through R

Topic 3

S through Z

Topic 4

Topic 1:  Healthy People 2020 set a goal that 80% of the people in the U.S. have optimally fluoridated water available in their community. Today, about 72% of Americans have access to optimally fluoridated water.  Do you know if your community water supply is fluoridated? To find the answer, check with your local water department.  Is the water naturally rich in fluoride, or is this mineral added to the water supply? What amount of fluoride is in the drinking water? If it is added to the water supply, how long has this procedure been in operation? If the water does not provide fluoride, how can you obtain sufficient fluoride?

Topic 2:  Claire runs cross country in college.  She knows she needs adequate carbohydrate to keep her body fueled.  Typically, her food intake consists of cheese sticks and a glass of orange juice for breakfast; a peanut butter sandwich, apple , bag of pretzels, and sweetened tea for lunch; spaghetti with marinara sauce, garlic, bread, salad, and a glass of milk for dinner; and an orange for her evening snack.  Lately, she is feeling tired and has to wear a sweatshirt in class to keep warm. She is also having trouble concentrating.  What do you think is causing Claire’s problem and why?  What would you recommend?

Topic 3: Your Uncle has seen the recent recommendations to reduce our salt intake along with the discussions on the amount of salt in our food. He wonders why we need it if it is so bad for our health.  How would you explain this dilemma?  What would you recommend?

Topic 4: Your friend is sick and has diarrhea, maybe from food poisoning.  Why is it important for her to drink water even when she does not feel well and doesn’t want to eat?  Do you think drinking fluids will help her feel better?

Your initial post must be at least 250 words and posted by Wednesday, 11:55 pm EST. You need to state your thesis and support it with evidence and at least one outside, reputable reference. Your textbook is not an outside reference. Remember, there is no right or wrong.  Before you post your initial forum discussion, submit it in the assignment area, so its originality is checked by turnitin.com. Your originality index or score should be less than 15%. If it is greater than 15%, rewrite your discussion, submit it again in the assignment area and check the %. Keep doing this until your % is less than 15 and then post your discussion in the forum.  Please note, it can take 24 hours for the second submission to be checked, and the score returned.  If you do not check your post, then I will take points off.

Follow-up Posts: Once you have posted your initial forum discussion, you must reply to at least two other learner’s post.  Your two follow-up forums must be at least 100 words and posted

Teaching Reflection

This journal is meant to help you synthesize your learning throughout this first week by applying it to a real-life scenario.

Choose one of the videos from Video Playlist: Early Childhood Education (Links to an external site.) to reflect on (be sure to specify which video you are discussing). Discuss specific ways in which the teacher fulfilled each of the five priorities from Chapter 16 of your course text, and upheld the principles discussed in Figure 1.1 of your text. Do you see any ties to social justice in his/her teaching? If so, what were they? If not, what can he/she do to capture this theme in his/her classroom? If you were supervising this teacher, what might you discuss in their post-observation meeting? Why?

Suggested Assignment Length: One to two double-spaced pages (not including title and reference pages).

Research and Resource Expectations:

• Sources are not required for your journal assignments. However, if you need to cite information, you must cite in APA format and include a reference page.

information that is need

1.1 Realize You Are Part of a Noble Profession

Early childhood education has a rich history that has led to an understanding of the importance of initial experiences. From that understanding stems the growth of high-quality programs that benefit millions of children today.

The Legacy of Friedrich Froebel

Early childhood education in the United States can trace its beginnings to the philosophy of Friedrich Froebel, who founded the first German kindergarten in 1840. Froebel’s kindergartens were based on allowing children free-choice activities, creativity, social participation, and motor expression in a welcoming and stimulating environment prepared by the teacher.

In the late 19th century, American children often began working at the age of 10 after completing 3 years of school. Susan Blow, an educator in St. Louis, devoted her life to the education of young children and opened the first public kindergarten in 1873, based in Froebel’s theories, in order to improve children’s lives. Many of the best practices in early education today have roots in these early kindergartens. Play was viewed as a primary means for children’s learning, children were seen as progressing through developmental stages, and the teacher set the environment and stimulating activities to enhance learning. When today’s teachers encourage children to sing songs, build with blocks, express themselves through creative activities, and engage in “free play,” they are employing the educational philosophy and methods developed by Froebel more than two centuries ago (Elkind, 2012; Froebel, 1826/1887; Frost, 2010).

Twentieth-Century Children’s Advocates

Interest in the study of children and awareness of the value of educating their parents in wholesome child-rearing practices began to grow around the beginning of the 20th century. Along with the burgeoning interest in child development came a companion interest in preschool education and child care. This began abroad, where such leaders as Maria Montessori and the McMillan sisters pioneered child care as a means of improving the well-being of children of the poor.

Maria Montessori

In 1907 Maria Montessori, an ardent young reformer-physician, began her Casa dei Bambini (Children’s House). That child care center was originally founded as part of an experiment in refurbishing slum housing in an economically distressed quarter of Rome (Loeffler, 1992). Supporters of that cooperative housing venture found that young children left unattended during the day while their parents were away at work were getting into trouble and destroying the property that people had worked so hard to restore. They therefore wanted to work out some way for the children to be cared for. Under Montessori’s guidance, Children’s House emphasized health, cleanliness, sensory training, individual learning, and the actual manipulation of materials (Elkind, 2012; Hainstock, 1997; Montessori, 1912). Since Montessori believed that individual self-learning comes before other learning can take place, she focused on specially designed, self-correcting materials that the child uses alone. Language experience, the use of imagination, and dramatic play were not recognized as being of much importance (Beatty, 1995).

The McMillan Sisters

In England, too, the pathetic condition of young slum children was being recognized. In 1911 two English sisters, Margaret and Rachel McMillan, founded their open-air nursery school. The McMillans had been interested in socialism and the women’s movement. Through these concerns they came to know the condition of the London poor. They were horrified to discover that many children were running around shoeless in the London slums, suffering from lice, malnutrition, and scabies. Like Children’s House, their school stressed good health, nourishing food, and adequate medical care. Unlike Children’s House, it emphasized the value of outdoor play, sunshine, sandboxes, and regular baths. The McMillans advocated teaching children together in small groups. They stressed building independence and self-esteem. They also believed that young girls had natural gifts for working with children, so they gave them paid, on-the-job training as they worked with the children (Bradburn, 1989; McMillan, 1929).

John Dewey and Progressive Education

In the United States, childhood education witnessed a flowering of interest in the early 1900s as well. Progressive education, one of the most influential movements in the early childhood field still today, was developed at the University of Chicago Laboratory School under the direction of John Dewey at the beginning of the 20th century. Progressive education prevailed in elementary schools, yet many of the practices currently used in preprimary programs grew out of Dewey’s then-radical philosophy of “child-centered education.” Dewey believed that education should stem from the child’s interests and real experiences in the world, help the child think critically, and meet all the child’s needs—physical, social, emotional, and intellectual—to develop into a moral citizen and member of a democratic community (Elkind, 2012; Mooney, 2000). Dewey’s influence on the field of early childhood education can be seen in the similar goals that are espoused in developmentally appropriate practice (DAP), which is discussed later in this chapter.

Many early childhood programs today use child-centered, play-based, hands-on teaching practices that stem from the theories of Froebel and Dewey.

Nursery Schools and the Growth of the Early Childhood Teaching Profession

“Nursery” education began to blossom in this country in the early 1920s. A group of women at the University of Chicago began the first parent cooperative nursery school in 1916. In 1919 Harriet Johnson opened the City and County School, which later metamorphosed into Bankstreet College of Education (one of today’s most renowned teacher education facilities and its affiliated School for Children) in New York City. Abigail Eliot began the Ruggles Street Nursery School in Boston in 1921—the same year that Patty Smith Hill founded a laboratory nursery school at Columbia Teachers College (the oldest and largest graduate school of education in the United States today).

As interest in nursery-level education grew, the academic community began to offer training in the field, and professional associations were formed. For example, at the Merrill Palmer School of Motherhood and Home Training (which later became the prestigious Merrill Palmer Institute), a nursery school was provided where students participated in an 8-hour laboratory experience each week. They studied child care management, health, nutrition, and social problems—not very different from what students do, at least in part, today.

The National Association for the Education of Young Children

In 1925 Patty Smith Hill (1942/1992) called a meeting of early leaders in the field to discuss issues of concern in the care of young children. In 1929 the National Association of Nursery Education was founded. That association has continued and is now known as the National Association for the Education of Young Children (NAEYC). It has grown to more than 100,000 members and provides an annual conference attended by 24,000 people (NAEYC, 2010). For over 25 years, NAEYC has developed an accreditation system designed to ensure high-quality standards in early childhood programs. Over 7,000 preprimary centers were NAEYC accredited in 2010. In addition to promoting the educational philosophy of developmentally appropriate practice, the organization provides professional development resources and seminars, publishes books and journals, and is a leading advocate for public policy issues that affect children and families (NAEYC, 2010). Information about NAEYC is included in the Related Organizations and Online Resources section at the end of this chapter.

TEACHER TALK

“The NAEYC national conferences are completely mind-blowing. To be surrounded by tens of thousands of early childhood professionals—attending workshops, making connections, hearing what the researchers and movers and shakers are up to—makes me feel I am part of an important community. I always come away inspired.”

The field of early childhood education has a noble history that has resulted in a proliferation of programs designed with the very best intentions for young children. People who enter the field usually do so out of a genuine sense of caring about children—certainly not for a love of money! (The issue of compensation will be discussed later in this chapter.) Most of us in early childhood education—like John Dewey or Maria Montessori or Patty Smith Hill—want to make a difference in children’s lives and, by doing so, help to create a better society. Nevertheless, these questions have probably crossed every early childhood teacher’s mind: Is all our hard work effective? Can we really make a difference?

5-8 pages excluding reference page

minimum 6 scholarly references within a 5-year time frame

topic: increasing physical activity in teenagers (or close If possible)

Week 2: Refinement of a Nursing Concern into an Evidence-based Practice Proposal Using the Research Process

• Purpose

This assignment provides the opportunity for the student to continue work on a previously identified area or phenomenon of interest related to their MSN specialty track. Week Two’s assignment builds upon the identified area of interest by developing an overview of the evidence-based practice (EBP) project and the PCIOT/PICo question. This assignment initiates the evidence-based practice proposal that is continued throughout the entire course with each assignment adding components of the research process.

• Course Outcomes

This assignment enables the student to meet the following course outcomes:

CO#1 Integrate evidence-based practice and research to support advancement of holistic nursing care in diverse healthcare settings. PO 1

CO#2 Integrate knowledge related to evidence-based practice and person-centered care to improve healthcare outcomes.  PO 2, 5

CO#4 Develop knowledge related to research and evidence-based practice as a basis for designing and critiquing research studies. PO 1, 2, 3, 5

Due Date: Sunday 11:59 PM MT at the end of Week Two

Total Points Possible: 150 points

• Requirements

Description of the Assignment

This assignment builds on the identification of a nursing concern from NR 500 and the application of a nursing theory to the selected concern from NR 501. For this course, the selected concern and nursing theory then serve as a foundation to the identification of PICOT/PICo. Identification of the literature search strategy is also required. The purpose of the MSN project proposal is to translate evidence currently found in the literature into practice within the chosen specialty track.  Due to the research complexity, time involvement, and implications regarding human subjects, drug studies are not acceptable areas of interest for a MSN project.

Criteria for Content

• Overview of Selected Evidenced-based Practice Project: This section provides a foundation to the MSN EBP scholarly project. It should contain the following elements:

• Explain the relationship between research and evidenced-based practice (EBP)
• Distinguish how EBP is different from research
• Explain the contribution of EBP to professional nursing
• Identify your MSN Program Specialty Track and practice focus
• Explain how EBP promotes change within your future practice setting

• Identification of the Nursing Concern to be Improved: This section provides a comprehensive discussion of the selected nursing concern. It should contain the following elements:

• Explain the selected nursing concern in detail
• Identify how frequently the selected concern occurs within your specialty track setting
• Identify the stakeholders impacted by the concern
• Identify the consequences of the selected concern
• Identify your proposed solution to the selected concern
• Identify a purpose statement for this EBP proposal

• PICOT/PICo question and Literature Search Process: This section identifies the PICOT/PICo question that will used for this EBP proposal. The literature search parameters will also be identified. It should contain the following elements:

• Identify the question in correct format with all required elements
  • PICOT for quantitative research approach
  • PICo for qualitative research approach
• Identify how the expected outcome will be useful to your future practice setting
• Discuss the purpose of conducting a literature review and the contribution it will provide to this EBP proposal
• Identify the steps used to conduct a literature review for this EBP proposal by including:
  • The specific library databases used
  • The key search terms and phrases used
  • The minor (additional) search terms and phrases used
  • Identify any specialty organization that is relevant to this EBP proposal

• Theoretical Framework: This section presents the theoretical framework that will used in this EBP project. It should contain the following section:

• Explain the theoretical framework to be used in this EBP proposal
• Describe how the identified theoretical framework is applied to this EBP proposal

• Preparing the Assignment

Criteria for Format and Special Instructions

• The paper (excluding the title page and reference page) should be at least 5, but no more than 8 pages. Points will be lost for not meeting these length requirements.
• Title page, running head, body of paper, and reference page must follow APA guidelines as found in the 6th edition of the manual. This includes the use of headings for each section of the paper except for the introduction where no heading is used.
• A minimum of 6 (six) appropriate research-based scholarly references must be used. Required textbook for this course, dictionary and Chamberlain College of Nursing lesson information may NOT be used as scholarly references for this assignment. For additional assistance regarding scholarly nursing references, please see “What is a scholarly source” located in the Course Resources tab. Be aware that information from .com websites may be incorrect and should be avoided. References are current – within a 5-year time frame unless a valid rationale is provided and the instructor has approved them prior to submission of the assignment.
• Ideas and information from scholarly, peer reviewed, nursing sources must be cited and referenced correctly.
• Rules of grammar, spelling, word usage, and punctuation are followed and consistent with formal, scientific writing.

• Directions and Assignment Criteria

• Grading Rubric

Chamberlain College of Nursing NR505 Advanced Research Methods: Evidenced Based Practice

NR505: W2 Assignment Refinement of Nsg. Concern Rev-7/31/2017 (AR),

REV 1/10/18 (AR)

Chamberlain College of Nursing NR505 Advanced Research Methods: Evidenced Based Practice

NR505: W2 Assignment Refinement of Nsg. Concern Rev-7/31/2017 (AR)

Chamberlain College of Nursing NR505 Advanced Research Methods: Evidenced Based Practice

NR505: W2 Assignment Refinement of Nsg. Concern Rev-7/31/2017 (AR); Rev 11/20/2017 (AR)

Assignment Goals and Objectives:

• Identify and describe health issues for vulnerable populations in the United States
• Identify and describe health policy options aimed at vulnerable populations in the United States
• Locate and use information from credible and reliable sources to inform yourself about public health and health policy issues
• Communicate public health information effectively in written form

Activity & Topic

Research the vulnerable population or sub-populations below that is listed. The team will research that population to identify specific health issues that the population faces as well as at least one example of a health policy aimed at addressing that specific issue.

Teams 1 – 5 : Hispanic population

Questions

Based on your research, prepare a response to each of the items below.

PART I – Describe a specific health issue faced by the population.  Include in your description:

1. WHO is being most impacted by this health issue?
2. WHAT is the nature of the health issue? (Use statistics that demonstrate the magnitude and/or severity of the issue)
3. WHY is the problem occurring?
4. HOW is this population impacted by the health issue?

(Tip: Remember the health determinants and the wide variety of issues that can be considered health issues.)

PART 2 –  Discuss at least one health policy (law or regulation) that is aimed at addressing the health issue you have identified in Question #1.  Include in your discussion:

1. IDENTIFY the policy and what it does.
2. WHAT is the goal of the policy?
3. WHICH health determinants does it impact?
4. HOW does it help address the health issue?

When you post your response, make sure to number each part of your response to coordinate with the questions presented. 

Sources & Citations

You should identify at least three of your own sources to support your responses.  This does not include your textbook.  You should cite your textbook if you rely on it for your responses, but it does not count as one of your three sources.  Government websites, professional associations, and health policy groups are great sources of information.  Avoid unknown sources of information that may not be credible or reliable.

Using in text citations is required in addition to your list of sources at the end.  Review APA format if you are not sure how to cite a source.  Here is a resource on citing Internet sources. https://poorvucenter.yale.edu/writing/using-sources/citing-internet-sources

Compose a one-page motivational memo for public health employees at a given agency (hospital, community based organization, health department, etc.) to encourage the willingness to respond during times of crisis. Highlight potential concerns that employees may have, as well as resources in the agency to address those concerns.

Start a New Thread

Course outcome assessed/addressed in this Assignment:

HA535-4: Evaluate health research for sound, evidence-based practices.

Professional Competency Outcome(s):

PC 4.1: Assess the value of multiculturalism and diversity in a global environment.

Instructions

· Imagine that you are working with an epidemiological team. The lead investigator has asked you to analyze and communicate health research for sound, evidence-based practices in epidemiology. Using the Web Resources provided this week*, identify a current epidemiological concern either at the local, national, or global level. Your report should demonstrate your ability to analyze the benefits and challenges of multiculturalism and diversity in a global context and recommend solutions.

*Web Resources:

· http://www.who.int/topics/epidemiology/en/

· http://www.healthypeople.gov

· http://www.drugabuse.gov/about-nida/organization/workgroups-interest-groups-consortia/community-epidemiology-work-group-cewg

· http://www.cdc.gov/epo/

· http://www.ssa.gov/policy/about/epidemiology.html

Requirements

· Using one (1) of the methods below, develop a final project addressing the Assignment questions:

· 3–5 page executive summary

· PowerPoint presentation (15–20 slides).

· Infographic

· Educational/training packet or guide

· Brochure

· 5–7 minute recorded PSA (public service announcement)

· Other method approved by your instructor

· Address the following questions

· What is the epidemiological concern?

· What population is it affecting?

· What potential population may be affected if this concern is not addressed?

· What are the risk factors associated with the epidemiological concern?

· What public health recommendation can you make to alleviate your identified epidemiological concern?

· This project should demonstrate your ability to analyze the benefits and challenges of multiculturalism and diversity in a global context and recommend solutions.

Citizen science projects are research activities that allow  non-scientists to participate in data collection and make contributions  to many areas of science from ecology to astronomy. These projects are  sponsored by individuals, organizations and universities. Activities  vary widely from observing and counting birds to completing surveys on  pet behavior.

You will be creating a presentation researching one citizen science  project from the list below (or you may search the internet for a  citizen science project of your choosing). You do not have to  participate in the study to complete your assignment, but many of these  projects are available for citizen participation all over the world.

1. Surfrider Foundation’s Blue Water Task Force
   Project goal is to monitor water quality at local beaches, bays, and ponds.
   http://www.surfrider.org/programs/clean-water
2. Wildwatch Kenya
   Project goal is to count, identify and track the giraffes in conservation field sites through trail camera photos. https://www.zooniverse.org/projects/sandiegozooglobal/wildwatch-kenya
3. The Great Backyard Bird Count
   Citizens collect data on the highest number of birds of each species seen together at one time.
   http://gbbc.birdcount.org/

Topics you should include in your presentation:

Slide 1
Title Slide with Name, Course and Date

Slides 2-3- Introduction
Introduction and  background on your chosen citizen science project, including what  questions are being asked and who is asking them. Include a summary of  why you chose this project:

• What is the problem(s) the researchers are trying to solve?
• Complete additional research to determine what is known about the problem(s).
• What questions would you like answered?
• Include supporting images

Slides 4-5
Describe any observations or  experiments that have been conducted to answer the research question(s).  How will this help answer the questions being asked? Include any  supporting images.

Slides 6-7
Add additional interesting facts you  gathered about the citizen project (this may require additional  research). Include any relevant images.

Slides 8-9 – Conclusion
Summarize your project findings.

• Why do scientists need the help of citizens to accurately answer their questions?
• What are some of the pros and cons of using citizens to collect data?
• Why is this research important?
• What are the possible real world applications?

Slide 10—References
Please provide your sources in APA format including the link to your citizen project.

SLP Assignment Expectations

For this SLP assignment you will develop a PowerPoint Presentation  that is approximately 1-10 slides in length and addresses the  requirements outlined above. Place the text containing the answers to  the questions above in the slide area, summarizing each topic using  bullet points (in your own words, you may expand in more detail using  the notes area). Use 4-5 bullet points per slide. Avoid using lengthy  sentences and paragraphs. Maintain consistent font sizes throughout the  presentation.

Be sure to include citations referencing your sources on each slide  (use either the slide or notes area). Include a descriptive title for  each slide that describes the topic being discussed. Be sure to include a  title slide with your name, assignment type (ex. SLP Module 1) and  course title. Include a slide summarizing your project findings  (Conclusion slide). Your final slide should contain a list of references  cited in APA format.

Answer the following questions in essay format. See the assignment  expectations below for details on how to format your essay. You will be  selecting one species from the video below to address  questions 4 and 5 (video is approximately 12 minutes in length). You  will need to conduct additional research to complete the essay in  detail.

1. In your own words define natural selection and evolution.
2. What are four key components of natural selection?
4. What kinds of variable traits might natural selection act upon within a population?

Choose one species from the video below (examples  include the peacock or North American Elk) to complete the remaining two  questions for your Case Assignment:

Conboy, R. Evolution – Why Sex? Retrieved March 13, 2018 from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5AiHTcWejjQ

 

1. Sexual selection is a “special case” of natural selection. Define  sexual selection (explain the concepts of male competition and female  choice in your answer).
2. How do the unique traits of the animal you have chosen increase its fitness (in reproductive terms)?

Assignment Expectations

Organize this essay assignment using subtitles that summarize the  topic from each question above. For example, to answer Question 1, use a  descriptive subtitle like the following: Natural Selection and Evolution.

Your essay should be approximately 2-3 pages in length. Answer each  question under the subtitle using complete sentences that relate back to  the question. Be sure to use APA formatting throughout your essay with  1-inch margins, 12-point type and double spacing throughout. Include a  title page, introduction, answers to the questions with subtitles and  concluding paragraph. Remember to include in-text citations within the  body of the essay referencing your resources (i.e. Murray, 2014). Also,  be sure to include a reference section at the end of your assignment  listing all required readings and any additional resources you used to  complete your essay.

Direct quotes should be limited and must be designated by quotation  marks. Paraphrased ideas must give credit to the original author, for  example (Murray, 2014). Direct copying from “homework help” websites will not receive credit.  Once you have completed your assignment within a word document, please  upload your final version to the Module Four Case Assignment dropbox.  Please also note your Turnitin originality score and make revisions as  needed. Please contact your instructor with any questions

Overview

For Module 5 you will write an argument essay on a topic that interests you. That essay is many steps away, though. In Module 4 you will begin with exploration, preliminary research, and brainstorming.

Consider this assignment an anti-essay. For this essay, you are not supposed to have a thesis, you will not write an introduction or a conclusion, and your body paragraphs will not be focused on supporting a main argument or claim.

Wait. What?

You heard me right. This paper is not about reporting on an idea or arguing a position. This paper is about you satisfying a genuine curiosity using the research process.

Your goal is to explore. Choose a topic you are genuinely interested in learning more about. Think of questions you want answered. Be curious. For this essay, you start by researching the answer to one question, and that question/answer should lead you to other questions. Follow them and see where they take you. Research is recursive. The knowledge of the answer to one question leads you to the next question.

In this essay you will narrate your research process, and explain what you learn and how it helps answer your research question.

You should spend approximately 6 hours on this assignment.

Instructions

• Pre-Write: Start with the research questions you developed for Discussion 1: Research Brainstorming. That is it. This anti-essay does not require pre-writing. The essay is about exploring the idea.
• Write:

CREDIBILITY: Always select current sources, published in the last 5 years.

• List your initial research question(s).
• Write out your process – exactly, and step-by-step. (Yes, you’ll say: The first step I took to find information was to…).  Use no direct quotations from sources, and use only formal (academic) diction.
• Explain what you learned from each source you consulted and how the information connects to your research question.  Use only professional and credible “published” sources.  
• Your initial research should lead you to more questions. Start following those and duplicate the process: ask the question, do more research, write about it. Ask good questions and pursue them until you run out of questions.
• Rather than writing a conclusion paragraph, end the essay with an argumentative thesis sentence developed from the information you found on your exploratory journey. This working thesis sentence will develop into your thesis for your Module 5 Researched Argument Essay.
• Tips for Success:
  • Don’t try to look for a thesis as you research. Simply ask and answer questions. Don’t try to figure out where the research is taking you. Let your questions lead the way.
  • You must cite 7-8 sources in your text. Create a correctly formatted (MLA Style) Works Cited page that lists your cited sources.
  • At least three of your sources should be academic journal articles. You should use at least three different types of sources. Think back to your scavenger hunt activity. Your research should rely heavily on academic journal articles, but also consider magazines, news articles, podcasts, documentaries, government sources, and internet sites. Pay attention to the credibility of the sources you consult.
  • This essay should be approximately 1,300-1,500 words.
• Please be sure to use correct MLA Style for your essay and to create an MLA Works Cited page. Need help with MLA? Please refer to the CCCOnline MLA Citation Toolkit, or consult the Purdue OWL for more information on general MLA format or how to create a correctly formatted MLA Works Cited page.
• Once your essay is written, revised, and proofread, you may submit it to the Module 4 Assignment folder 1: Exploratory Essay and Research Proposal 

Please read and reflect on the following recommendation issued in February 2016 by the CDC in the Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 2011-2013. (Reference is listed as #62 on p. 136 of PHB)

Three in four women who wanted to get pregnant as soon as possible reported drinking alcohol, putting them at risk for an alcohol-exposed pregnancy. Any sexually active woman of reproductive age who is drinking alcohol and not using birth control is at risk for an alcohol-exposed pregnancy.

To help prevent adverse consequences of alcohol consumption during pregnancy, health care providers should discuss and recommend, as appropriate, available contraception methods to women who are sexually active and drink alcohol.

Additionally, from your reading of the NIH fact sheet you know that the ramifications of drinking during pregnancy can lead to a full spectrum “of developmental, cognitive, and behavioral problems, which can appear at any time during childhood and last a lifetime” and that this “Prenatal alcohol exposure is a leading preventable cause of birth defects and neurodevelopmental abnormalities in the United States.” This clearly places the issue within the realm of public health biology.

There is a lot to unfold here. Please share your thoughts. Please include answers to at least four (4) of the following issues in your initial post.

a. Is there a known safe level of alcohol consumption during pregnancy?

b. How would you respond to someone who claims to have consumed alcohol during all of their pregnancies with no ill effects to their kids and thus does not believe this claim?

c. How does this impact woman who are sexually active and not necessarily planning on getting pregnant?

d. Do you think this is a significant public health concern?

e. Do you think the CDC’s message was controversial?

f. One of the major challenges that we face as public health professionals is to develop and disseminate messages that address risky health behaviors. As we have discussed throughout the course, messaging with an eye on compliance is a fundamental requirement, but can also be very tricky. Given what we have learned about the biology of pregnancy, embryology, and prenatal care, suggest alternative public health strategies for addressing this issue in the United States.

g. Much focus is placed on the behaviors of a pregnant woman, pre-pregnancy and during the pregnancy. What about the behavior of the biological father pre and post conception? Might these have an effect on the growing fetus? Is alcohol consumption by the biological father preconception an issue from a biological standpoint?

h. Can you think of other examples of pre-pregnancy preparations for the biological parents? Should these be addressed by public health professionals?

Title: The Effect of Temperature and pH on Enzyme Activity

OBJECTIVE/INTRODUCTION 

The purpose of our lab was to observe how the reaction rate of an enzyme increases or decreases when combined with different substrates. Enzymes are catalysts that increase the rate of biochemical reactions. The rate of these reactions can be affected by its environment: temperature and pH. Low temperatures can cause enzyme reaction rate to become inactive or very slow by causing less collision of molecules and high temperatures can cause enzymes to denature prompting the reaction rate to lessen. As temperature increases, the rate of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction should increase. Similarly, the pH of an environment can affect the shape of an enzyme decreasing or increasing its reaction. In addition, all enzymes have a different optimal pH. As pH increases, the rate of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction should increase. In this lab, to examine the effects of temperature and pH on the reaction rate of an enzyme, we utilized potato extract (catecholase) as our enzyme combined with the substrate catechol. We utilized the Spec 20 to determine the reaction rate of enzymes under different conditions because once the enzyme and substrate are combined in the test tube the reaction begins to occur forming benzoquinone. The product benzoquinone is a brown color and the darker the color the less light will be able to pass through the test tube causing the percentage of light absorbed to increase. The absorption of light will be measured by the Spec 20 allowing us to observe the enzymes reaction rate.

MATERIALS/METHOD 

Spectrometer

Pipette

Catechol

Potato Extract

Glass Tubes

This lab was a two-part lab where we analyzed the rate of enzyme reactions at different temperatures and later we looked at how pH levels are affected by enzyme-catalyzed reactions. To test the effects of temperature on enzymatic reactions, we filled 5 test tubes with 4 mL of water and 1 mL of potato extract. Then we filled another tube, which we referred to as the blank, with 1 mL of potato extract and 6ml of water (the extra 2 mL of water is added to offset the 2mL of catecholase that will be added later). From here we put all the tubes except the blank, which served as the control of the experiment, into different temperature environments. The temperatures used were 0℃, 18 ℃, 30 ℃, 40 ℃, and 60 ℃. We left the tubes in these conditions for 5 minutes before adding catechol to the tubes then we reinserted the tubes back in these temperature controlled environments for another 5 minutes. The next step after this was to test light absorbance through the use of the Photospectrometer (Spec 20). The higher the absorbance value determined the rate of the chemical reaction. For the section portion of the lab, we tried to see how pH balance affects enzymatic reaction rates. We filled the 5 tubes with 1 mL of potato extract and 4 mL of pH buffer solution. Each tube had varying pH buffer levels. The levels were pH levels of 3, 5, 7, 9, 11 and of course the blank which is our control tube was filled with 1 mL of potato extract and 4 mL of pH 7 buffer which is neutral. We then used parafilm and inverted to mix each solution and added 2 mL of catechol to all 5 test tubes. We waited 5 minutes for the chemical reaction to take place before calibrating the Spec 20 to test the absorbance.

RESULTS 

Table 1: Effect of Temperature on Enzyme Reaction Rate

Sample

Temp (℃)

Absorbance after (5 minutes)

1

0℃

.167

2

18℃

.179

3

30℃

.202

4

40℃

.211

5

60℃

.112

Graph 1: Effect of Temperature on Enzyme Reaction Rate

Table 2: Effect of pH on Enzyme Reaction Rate

Sample

pH

Absorbance after (5 minutes)

1

3

.107

2

5

.121

3

7

.197

4

9

.007

5

11

.010

Graph 2: Effect of pH on Enzyme Reaction Rate

As seen in table and graph 1, the effect of temperature on enzyme reaction rate, as the temperature increased the absorbance also increased until it peaked at sample 4 with a temperature of 40℃ which had an absorbance of .211. In the last sample, sample 5 with a temperature of 60℃, the absorbance began to decrease with an absorbance of .112. In table and graph 2, the effect of pH on enzyme reaction rate, the highly acidic samples (1 and 2) had greater absorbance than the basic samples (4 and 5) which had the lowest absorbance out of all the samples. The highest absorbance was in sample 3 (absorbance of .197) which had a neutral pH of 7.

DISCUSSION (need to be done)

Directions: This section should not just be a restatement of the results but should emphasize interpretation of the data, relating them to existing theory and knowledge. Suggestions for the improvement of techniques or experimental design may also be included here. In writing this section, you should explain the logic that allows you to accept or reject your original hypotheses. Provide a conclusion based on the results that you got.

example: My hypothesis was clearly false, as some ions or cofactors had more rates of absorbency than others. This data suggested that copper is the most crucial to the enzymatic reaction as it had the lowest absorbency when bound to prevent reaction. Cofactors such as copper, calcium, and magnesium were tested by using chelating agents to bind them to prevent them from catalyzing them enzymatic reaction. As a result, their efficiency entirely depended on low absorbance rate. Since Tube 4 was the control, we would have thought that it would have the highest absorbance rate as the enzymatic reaction there were no chelating agents binding it.This may have been a possible error such as miscalculation on the portion of the mixture such as having lest EDTA chelating agents, that Tube 1 had fingerprints.There may also be possible errors such as

inaccurate timing mixing the catechol into the solution or the water bath. If this is not the case, we would suspect that there are cofactors of the enzyme that could actually slow down the enzymatic reaction rather than speeds it up. The rate of absorbance was calculated by subtracting the absorbency at 20 minutes to the absorbency at 10 minutes. I concluded this experiment may have possible errors, but suggests that copper bound by Citric acid is the most effective for the

enzymatic reaction of benzoquinone.

Most of the paper is done, I just need help writing the abstract, scope, process descriptions and conclusion.

I have the data/sources needed and I mainly just need someone to reorganize the data into the correct sections in the paper. I will link the information needed after chatting with you.

Need it anytime on Sunday.

The Northern Alberta Institute of Technology School of Applied Science and Technology Edmonton, Alberta

Scanning Tunneling Microscope and Its Uses in Biological Sciences

Prepared by

, student ID number 123456 for partial credit in

ENGL1238 Effective Communications

Prepared for

Instructor’s Name, Instructor English and Communications Department

Day, Month, Year [Due date of the report]

Table of Contents

List of Figures iii Abstract iv Introduction 1 Methods/Background 2 Subheading describing the content 1 3 Subheading describing the content 2 3 Findings – Main point(s) (as many as needed) 4 Subheading describing the content 1 5 Subheading describing the content 2 5 Discussion 6 Conclusion 6 References 7

ii

List of Figures

Figure 1. Manage Sources and Citations using MS Word tools. 3

Figure 2. Chemical Reactor Process Diagram 3

Figure 3. PV after MEA Flow Rate Change from 70 kg/ hr to 25 kg/hr. 4

Figure 4. Example C code used in Cam pbell Scientific CR3000 Micrologger 5

iii

Abstract

Abstracts provide a concise, descriptive overview of a technical report’s contents. Although the abstract appears at the beginning of the report, it is usually written last (because it summarizes the entire report). The first sentence of the abstract should summarize the topic of the report, for example: “This report looks in detail at the diesel fuel injection systems in heavy-duty equipment, including the Hydraulic Electronic Unit Injector (HEUI) and the Common Rail Injection System.” The rest of the abstract summarizes key points from each section of the report (purpose, method, results, discussion, conclusion) to give the reader a general sense of the report without the reader having to read the entire document.

The purpose of an abstract is to let the reader decide if a piece of writing will be useful for their own research. When you look up an article in the NAIT Library, for example, you don’t read the entire thing to decide if it is going to be useful—you make your decision based on a brief synopsis, or abstract. An abstract is like the preview or trailer of a movie—you don’t watch the whole movie to decide if you want to watch the movie. You watch the short trailer to get all the basic information you need, in order to decide whether or not to see it. As shown here, the abstract is one or two single-spaced paragraphs, in the same font (style, size and colour) as the rest of your report.

Glossary

The Glossary is a list of terminology (words, phrases, acronyms) that appears at the end of the report, after the References page. Follow these guidelines for preparing a glossary:

· Define all terms unfamiliar to a general reader (that is, a non-expert or layperson).

· Define terms that have a special meaning in your report (e.g., “In this report, a small business is defined as . . .”).

· Define all terms by giving their class and distinguishing features (see textbook ch. 11).

· List your glossary and its first page number in your table of contents.

· List all terms in alphabetical order, as if it were a dictionary.

· Each term should be in bold lettering (as in the examples below).

· Define only terms that need explanation. In doubtful cases, however, over-defining is safer than under-defining.

In your report, please include at least five terms in your glossary.

Carburetor A mixing device in gasoline engines that blends air and fuel into a vapor for combustion within the cylinders

Diabetes A metabolic disease caused by a disorder of the pituitary gland or pancreas and characterized by excessive urination, persistent thirst, and inability to metabolize sugar.

Stress An applied force that strains or disfigures a body.

Turus egestas Ut luctus lorem sollicitudin odio eleifend commodo.

Zisque Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Curabitur faucibus ultricies magna ut feugiat.

1.0 Introduction

The scanning tunneling microscope, called the scientific scanning tunneling microscope (STM), is a powerful tool for obtaining images of material surfaces at the atomic level. The device was invented in 1981 by Gerd Binnig and Heinrich Rohrer at IBM . They won the Nobel Prize in 1986 for inventing this device, which allowed researchers for the first time to see the atom in three dimensions. Device has STM high analytical capacity of up to 0.1nm and depth of up to 0.01nm. With this high analytical ability, we can obtain images of the atoms within the material as well as control and move the atoms themselves.

1.1 Background

The information we get from the STM is to monitor the change in the current when the sample surface is scanned in the sensor and the data is displayed in the form of an image. STM requires a high degree of cleanliness and stability of the surface. Therefore, the microscope is operated in a vacuum chamber. The probe is so sharp that the tip is one atom or two atoms. The probe is connected with precise controllers to move it in the three dimensions.

1.2 Purpose

The tunnel microscope is an essential device in nanotechnology that has helped to study materials at the atomic level and in the construction and testing of nanoparticles. The idea of ​​ how it works is based on quantum tunneling.

1

1.3 Scope

Clarify the boundaries of the report, defining what will be included or excluded. Describe the ground covered by the report and outline the method of investigation used in the project. If there are limiting factors, identify them.

2.0 Item Description

Scanning tunneling microscope (STM) is a microscope that uses magnification in a tunnel vacuum achieving magnification of objects to about 100 million times. The main difference between scanning electron microscope (SEM) and a scanning tunneling microscope (STM) is the two of them utilize the connection of electrons with a surface to create a picture. Be that as it may, a scanning electron microscope lens utilizes a continually rastered light emission at reasonably high increasing accelerations to bombard the surface. The test samples must be in low or high vacuum.

SEM by and large handles harsh surfaces great. Interestingly, a scanning tunneling microscope utilizes quantum tunneling to recognize current varieties between a rastered sharp conductive tip and a surface. The sample can be in ordinary environment however best outcomes happen for high vacuum. The image is of surface electronic states, as often as possible with atomic or subatomic resolution. STM for the most part handles surface roughness very poorly

3.0 Process Description

Using the third person and imperative mood, write a process description paragraph. Write your paragraph(s) in complete sentences; do not include point-form descriptions. Begin the paragraph(s) with a topic sentence stating the major topic and controlling idea, and end with a concluding sentence that paraphrases the topic sentence and adds no new ideas. Select a five- to ten-step process about a piece of technology and explain how it works. Include a graphic (or graphics) that help to explain the process.

2

Numbers and labels appear below Figures.Figure 1. Chemical Reactor Process Diagram

1 2

The source line should be immediately below the Figure number and title line. The source information does not appear in the List of Illustrations. (Numbers 1 – 4 are explained on the next page.)(Tartara, Birol, Teymour & Cinar, 2005)

3 4

Illustrations should be numbered, labelled, and cited as follows:

1. Figure or Table number

2. Figure or Table title, and/or brief descriptive caption

3. Source author or corporate author name(s)

4. Source date

All illustrations (Figures and Tables) should be discussed in the writing. Don’t assume the reader knows what they’re looking at; don’t assume an illustration will speak for itself. It is your job to introduce, explain, and describe illustrations throughout the report. Furthermore, illustrations

should appear as near as possible to the text it belongs with. The reader should not have to flip back and forth through the report, looking for the Figure they’re reading about.

Technical report illustrations are not decorations. They must serve a clear and definite purpose. Whenever possible, present your data and findings visually, using figures and tables, as shown in this section.

Figure 2. PV after MEA flow rate change from 70 kg/hr to 25 kg/hr.

int turbineVal ; int magVal ; void main( ) { turbineVal = ( TurbineMeasure ( )-6553)*(114/(32767-6553)); magVal = ( MagMeasure ()-6553)*(30/(32767-6553)); if (( magVal >22. 5)| |( turbineVal >22.5)) { while( turbineVal >20.0) { TurbineLog ( ); turbineVal = ( TurbineMeasure ( )-6553)*(114/(32767-6553)); } } else () { while( magVal <25.0) { MagLog ( ); magVal = ( MagMeasure ( )-6553)*(30/(32767-6553)); } } }

Figure 3. Example C code used in Campbell Scientific CR3000 Micrologger

Note: Figures 2 and 3 are original work by the author of the report, and so do not list sources.

4.0 Conclusion

While your Introduction previewed what you wanted to say, your Conclusion briefly summarizes the report (similar but not identical to the Abstract), and tells your audience what you think of what you just said, based on what you know and what you have learned from your research. It includes your thoughts, beliefs, and opinions as related to your findings.

Your Conclusion section addresses the problem statement by answering the question(s), solving the problem(s), and/or resolving the issue(s) you established in your introduction section. You also need to ensure that you support your answers/resolutions with sound reasoning from your research and your own knowledge.

5.0 References

On a separate page, list all websites, articles, books, and other sources that you include in your report, in alphabetical order.

NAIT uses the APA citation style. See “Appendix A: Documenting Sources” on page 385 in the textbook, and the NAIT library APA resource document, for guidelines and examples: http://www.nait.ca/libresources/Citations/APA_Examples.pdf

The first line of every References page citation is left-justified, and the following lines are indented. These are called Hanging Indents.

Foster, P. (2005). Basics of draft. Power Engineering, 117(3), 31-47. Retrieved from http://proquest.umi.com.libdbauth.nait.ab.ca/pqdweb?did=1568109711 &sid

=1&Fmt=3&clientId=58918&RQT=309&VName=PQD

Harlow, H. F. (1983). Fundamentals for preparing psychology journal articles. Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology, 55, 893-896.

Henry, W. A., III. (1990, April 9). Making the grade in today’s schools. Time, 135, 28-31.

Kernis, M. H., Cornell, D. P., Sun, C. R., Berry, A., & Harlow, T. (1993). There’s more to self esteem than whether it is high or low: The importance of stability of self-esteem. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 65, 1190-1204.

Parker-Pope, T. (2008, May 6). Psychiatry handbook linked to drug industry. The New York Times. Retrieved from http://www.nytimes.com

****A huge crackdown in the US is forcing technology firms to come clean about the source of the minerals used in smartphones and electronics. There are four most commonly mined conflict minerals, they are Cassiterite (for tin), Wolframite (for tungsten), Coltan (for tantalum), and gold ore. These are all extracted from Eastern Congo (www#1). These resources take a ride thru the global supply chains and end up in our mobile phones, laptops, jewelry and other products. These items are traded on the exchange swapped by banks. This is a global problem, profits from the diamond and gold trade stir up the pot and contribute to conflict (www#1).

Since February 2018, the Securities and Exchange Commission has considered weakening or repealing the US rule, the Dodd Frank Act 1502, as it has turned in a boycott of minerals. The purpose is to prevent militia groups mining profits to fund fighting. Rescinding this rule and allowing congress and the executive to develop better policies to this problem is the clear solution (www#2).

Some tech lobbies, wishing to wash their hands of any responsibility for the exploitation of blood minerals has recently listed that coltan is no longer used in the making of mobile phones, tablets, consoles or cameras. Also to state that mines were closing. However, the truth is out there that the demand for the mineral is still greater than its supply (www#3).

www #1: Responsible Minerals https://www.globalwitness.org/en/campaigns/conflict-minerals/#more (Links to an external site.)

www #2: Negative Impacts of US conflict minerals law being ‘exaggerated’ https://chemicalwatch.com/67181/negative-impacts-of-us-conflict-minerals-law-being-exaggerated (Links to an external site.)

www #3: Blood and Minerals: Who profits from conflict in DRC https://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/features/2016/01/blood-minerals-profits-conflict-drc-160118124123342.html*********

PROVIDE A REACTION OR ADDITIONAL INFORMATION TO THE TEXT ABOVE

Your initial reply to another student must be a minimum of 250 words, must reflect your research, must be written in your own words and not copied and pasted from online. As you research, select one specific aspect, example or area of evidence and focus on it so you can provide in-depth details. I do not want you to spend your words on a broad overview. I want you to teach us in depth about one aspect, example or area of evidence. Your initial posting should reflect your research and should present in-depth information about some aspect of the problem, or its causes, or potential solutions, or what is being done (or needs to be done). Explain actual evidence and/or example.

• Cite your source(s) within the sentences of your posts.
• At the end of your posts, include the source’s complete citation. A complete citation has two parts: 1) the website’s title, and 2) the website’s URL.