Running head: PERSONAL STATEMENT 2

Student name

Course

Department

Personal Statement

My name is Naresa De Guzman and I am looking for an opportunity to join a world-class institution of higher education to pursue a Master’s degree in Human Resource Management. My interest to pursue masters in human resource management has been motivated by a two-year personal experience at my current company where am the Nursing Station Clerk. I have had an opportunity to interact with a number of employers and other administration officers in their respective capacities. While the company has a successful HR framework, there have been instances of mismanagement due to poor HR practices that have since lowered the morale of the employees of the institution, who have in turn reduced the quality of health care provided to the population. This gave me the desire to further my studies in human resource management so that I can study leadership and administration skills which are ignored by most leaders and yet are key in sustaining and keeping up the activities of an organization or company. It is my belief that through the skills that I will gain from the graduate school, I will have the basic tools that will propel me to be the strong human resource manager I would like to be. Below please find my personal statement of the section you have requested for.

Purpose of pursuing the master’s program

Being master’s holder of human resource manager from your graduate school, I will be able to impact employers and other administration officers on some of the best leadership qualities that can facilitate the smooth running of organizations/companies, by ensuring that the employers and the other personnel working under them are motivated. I also aim at being global human resource manager whose company would be admired by other employers though the effective and smooth running of activities within the company by giving proper guidelines that is friendly to the employees.

Preparation for the field of study

In preparation for this study I have engaged myself in one on one interaction with several employers and this has enabled gather more data on the many ways in which the employers carry out their activities in their respective organization. I have done a lot of research over the past years by reading several journals and other documents on human resource management. From the researches I have done, my desire to study more on human resource management was enlightened. I have also done research on the factors which affect employees within their working organization and companies which can reduce their performance and eventually make companies/organization lose their competitive advantage in the world market

Expected results towards my profession and personal goals

As a public health officer, more of planning activities will be required of me. Therefore, I believe that by studying human resource management as a course will enhance my planning ahead so that my subordinates are not delayed. It will enable be to place the best procedures to reach the goals of the organization. Moreover, my directing functions as a public health officer will be improved, which entails guiding and ensuring people are motivated to accomplish their personnel programs and this can only be achieved by heightening the employee’s morale, maintaining respectable relationships with them, giving safety requirements and looking after their welfare. Regulation of the planned activities is also an important factor in public health department. Therefore, by gaining the skills on human resource management, I must ensure that the formulated plans based on the objectives of the organization are well controlled. Hence as a manager, these plans will help me to effectively observe and compare the results achieved and the set objectives of the organization. From the comparisons made, I can adjust as a manager where necessary to ensure the set objectives are completed.

As an individual, going through this course will help me bring to light the benefits of good relationship between the employer and the employee for any organization. This is because, without a good rapport, it is the company that loses more and not the people in management. Therefore, as a manger it is important to consider the objectives of the organization and this can only be attained by motivating the employees who are carry out the daily activities of the organization. Through the employee’s motivation, my desire to have their interests met to keep their morale high shall have been accomplished.

Research, study interest and background information

It is my sincere hope that through the research activities that I have been carrying out in this field of study, I can fit well within your graduate school to pursue my master’s degree in human resource management. My indicated past experiences in the various fields of work have also been of great significance in contributing to the desire to do this course.

In conclusion, I hope I have clearly demonstrated why human resource management is a good fit for my skills, knowledge and abilities in concurrence with my profession as a public health officer. I will be so happy to begin my studies in your school hoping that my request to join the university will be accepted.

Discussion Board

What if you were asked to pick a research topic that dealt with all of the following: communication, perceptions of crime problems, individual behavior, and criminal justice policy? Can you think of a clear research idea that would implicate all four?

 

Article / Data Analysis Instructions

This purpose of this project is twofold:

1. To help you become more familiar with interpreting academic journal articles in the library database.

2. To become more familiar with reviewing empirical (research-based) literature and the findings presented.

For this assignment, choose a peer-reviewed journal article, from your references, that assesses a crime program or method.

Read the article and write a 2-page review that includes the following:

1. A brief description of what the article addresses.

2. A summary of what the article is trying to accomplish. In other words, what hypothesis is the article testing?

3. The major findings of the article.

4. Interpret their data. Do you agree or disagree?

5. Do you feel you could you replicate the study based on their explanations?

The assignment must follow current APA format.

Note: Assessments in this course build on each other and must be completed in sequential order.

Create a 3–4-page report on the optimal learning environment for the course you began developing in Assessment 1. You should select a learning environment that will foster motivation in your learner population, support your efforts at classroom motivation, and best serve the goals of the course.

Optional Preparation

Practice implementing these considerations in the Vila Health challenge provided in the Resources before beginning your work here.

Instructions

Create a report that does the following:

• Describes the learning environment most appropriate for the educational topic and intended audience that you identified.
• Briefly describes and evaluates theories of classroom management, learner management, and learner motivation that are relevant to your course and intended audience.
• Describes evidence-based strategies for classroom and learner management and evidence-based best practices to enhance learner motivation and how you would employ these in your learning environment and with a diverse group of learners.
• Supports your choices with scholarly resources.Additional Requirements
• Format: 12-point Times New Roman or Arial font, double-spaced in Microsoft Word.
• Length: 3–4 pages, plus a title page and a references page.
• Use correct APA format, including running head, page numbers, and a title page.
• Use and cite at least three scholarly articles in your plan.
• Writing should be free of grammar and spelling errors that distract from content.

Management and Motivation Scoring Guide

VIEW SCORING GUIDEUse the scoring guide to enhance your learning.

Vernacular Regions A vernacular region is one that is per- ceived to exist by its inhabitants, as evidenced by the wide- spread acceptance and use of a special regional name. Some vernacular regions are based on physical environ- mental features. For example, there are many regions called simply “the valley.” Wikipedia lists more than 30 dif- ferent regions within the United States and Canada that are referred to as such, places as varied as the Sudbury Basin in Ontario and the Lehigh Valley in Pennsylvania. In the 1980s, “the valley” became synonymous with the San Fer- nando Valley in Southern California (Figure 1.8) and became associated with a type of landscape (suburban), a person (a white, teenage girl, called the “valley girl”), and a way of speaking (“valspeak”). Other vernacular regions find their basis in economic, political, or historical charac- teristics. Vernacular regions, like most regions, generally lack sharp borders, and the inhabitants of any given area may claim residence in more than one such region. They vary in scale from city neighborhoods to sizable parts of continents.

At a basic level, the vernacular region grows out of peo- ple’s sense of belonging and identification with a particular region. By contrast, many formal or functional regions lack this attribute and, as a result, are often far less meaningful for people. You’re more likely to hear people say, “we’re fighting to preserve ‘the valley’ from further urban devel- opment,” than to see people rally under the banner of

“wheat-growing areas of the world”! Self-conscious regional identity can have major political and social ramifications.

Reflecting on Geography What examples can you think of that show how identification with a vernacular region is a powerful political force?

Vernacular regions often lack the organization neces- sary for functional regions, although they may be centered around a single urban node, and they frequently do not dis- play the cultural homogeneity that characterizes formal regions.

Mobility

The concept of regions helps us see that often similar or related sets of elements are grouped together in space. Equally important in geography is understanding how and why these different cultural elements move through space and locate in particular settings. Regions them- selves, as we have seen, are not stable but are constantly changing as people, ideas, practices, and technologies move around in space. Are there some patterns to these movements? These questions define our second theme, mobility.

One important way to study mobility is through the concept of diffusion. Diffusion can be defined as the move-

Figure 1.8 The San Fernando Valley. Referred to locally as “the valley,” the San Fernando Valley is located in the northwestern area of Los Angeles. Despite its reputation as a white, suburban area, portions of the valley are densely populated, and the area is home to a wide range of peoples from many different backgrounds. Can you think of other examples of regions that are locally known as “the valley”? (Robert Landau/drr.net.)

We have examined how natural selection can result in genetic differentiation, that is, genetic differences among local populations. Species with wide geographic distributions generally encounter a broader range of physical environmental conditions than species whose distribution is more restricted. The variation in physical environmental conditions often gives rise to a corresponding variation in phenotypic characteristics. As a result, significant genetic differences can occur among local populations inhabiting different regions (see Section 5.8 for examples). In a similar manner, species with wide geographic distributions are more likely to encounter a broader range of biotic interactions. For example, a bird species such as the warbling vireo (Vireo gilvus) that has an extensive geographic range in North America, extending from northern Canada to Texas and from coast to coast, is more likely to encounter a greater diversity of potential competitors, predators, and pathogens than will the cerulean warbler (Dendroica cerula), whose distribution is restricted to a smaller geographic region of the eastern United States (see Figure 17.2 for distribution maps). Changes in the nature of biotic interactions across a species geographic range can result in different selective pressures and adaptations to the local biotic environment. Ultimately, differences in the types of species interactions encountered by different local populations can result in genetic differentiation and the evolution of local ecotypes similar to those that arise from geographic variations in the physical environment (see Section  5.8 for examples of the latter). The work of Edmund Brodie Jr. of Utah State University presents an excellent example.

Brodie and colleagues examined geographic variation among western North American populations of the garter snake (Thamnophis sirtalis) in their resistance to the neurotoxin tetrodotoxin (TTX). The neurotoxin TTX is contained in the skin of newts of the genus Taricha on which the garter snakes feed (Figure 12.8a). These newts are lethal to a wide range of potential predators, yet to garter snakes having the TTX-resistant phenotype, the neurotoxin is not fatal. Both the toxicity of newts (TTX concentration in their skin) and the TTX resistance of garter snakes vary geographically (Figure   12.8b). Previous studies have established that TTX resistance in the garter snake is highly heritable (passed from parents to offspring), so if TTX resistance in snakes has co-evolved in response to toxicity of the newt populations on which they feed, it is possible that levels of TTX resistance exhibited by local populations of garter snakes will vary as a function of the toxicity of newts on which they feed. The strength of selection for resistance would vary as a function of differences in selective pressure (the toxicity of the newts).

To test this hypothesis, the researchers examined TTX resistance in more than 2900 garter snakes from 40 local populations throughout western North America, as well as the toxicity of newts at each of the locations. The researchers found that the level of TTX resistance in local populations varies with the presence of toxic newts. Where newts are absent or nontoxic (as is the case on Vancouver Island, British Columbia), snakes are minimally resistant to TTX. In contrast, levels of TTX resistance increased more than a thousand-fold with increasing toxicity of newts (see Figure 12.8b). Brodie and his colleagues found that for local populations, the level of resistance to TTX varies as a direct function of the levels of TTX in the newt population on which they prey (Figure 12.8c). The resistance and toxicity levels match almost perfectly over a wide geographic range, reflecting the changing nature of natural selection across the landscape.

In some cases, even the qualitative nature of some species interactions can be altered when the background environment is changed. For example, mycorrhizal fungi are associated with a wide variety of plant species (see Chapter 15, Section 15.11). The fungi infect the plant root system and act as an extension of the root system. The fungi aid the plant in the uptake of nutrients and water, and in return, the plant provides the fungi with a source of carbon. In environments in which soil nutrients are low, this relationship is extremely beneficial to the plant because the plant’s nutrient uptake and growth increase. (Figure 12.9a). Under these conditions, the interaction between plant and fungi is mutually beneficial. In environments in which soil nutrients are abundant, however, plants are able to meet nutrient demand through direct uptake of nutrients through their root system. Under these conditions, the fungi are of little if any benefit to the plant; however, the fungi continue to represent an energetic cost to the plant, reducing its overall net carbon balance and growth (Figure 12.9b). Across the landscape, the interaction between plant and fungi changes from mutually beneficial (++) to parasitic (+−) with increasing soil nutrient availability.

Project Overview: For this project, you’ll choose a food or drink item, a cuisine, an invention or an idea,, and then research how four geographic concepts are related to and affect your choice. Instead of presenting your research as a traditional paper, you’ll use PowerPoint or similar presentation software to create a narrated presentation. Your presentation will be structured like a paper, including a title, introduction to the topic, main body, summary and conclusions, and references. Creative use of properly cited graphics and photos from the Internet relevant to your topic is required.

First, choose a food item, cuisine, invention or idea that interests you. Some will have more information available about them than others, so it’s worth doing some investigation before you settle on one. If you’re not sure if your desired topic is appropriate, please feel free to ask!

Once you have selected your topic, you will then do research to see how each of the following geographic concepts affects or is related to your topic: 1. Regions 2. Cultural Landscape 3. Diffusion 4. Distance decay The first three concepts are well covered in your textbook. Distance decay refers to the fact that influence and interaction between locations decreases as the distance between them increases. As such, it has a significant influence on how things change as they diffuse away from their point of origin. Be sure to address these specific geographic terms and concepts. You don’t need to address them in this order, but you do need to address all of them. You may use “subsets” of these definitions (e.g. contagious diffusion) if such subsets exist. Be sure to refer to your text and other reliable resources to ensure you completely understand these concepts. You should be detailed in your treatment of these concepts – for instance, you should explain both how and why your choice varies by region, and how and why it has been affected by distance decay. Remember that geography, as an academic discipline, seeks to explain why things vary from place to place, not just describe how they do. 

You will complete this project in 3 separate assignments: an annotated bibliography, an outline, and your final presentation.

PART 1: An annotated bibliography

Assignment Objective: Assess sources for your research for your final presentation (for credibility, reliability, and relevance) and list references in proper APA format through the creation of an annotated bibliography.

Assignment Instructions: An annotation is a summary and evaluation, and your annotated bibliography will include a summary and evaluation of some of the sources (or references) you will use for your presentation.

To prepare for this assignment, I recommend that you do the following:

Read these directions carefully.

Review the sample annotated bibliography provided to you below. 

Read the grading criteria below.The grading criteria is a detailed evaluation that I will use to assess your performance. It also will help you understand what is expected you as you prepare your assignment.

Message me with any questions!

The reason the annotated bibliography is included as part of the research project is that writing an annotated bibliography provides excellent preparation for the final presentation. One of the issues regarding any type of research is the credibility of the sources used, particularly those obtained from various websites. By forcing you to evaluate your potential sources carefully, the annotated bibliography helps you determine if the sources you chose are credible and relevant to your topic. It will also help you understand the topic better, which will help you develop your presentation.

For this project, you will assess three sources to include: 

1) a complete citation for each source, 

2) a summary of each source, and 

3) an evaluation of each source. 

Three sources are required for this assignment (i.e., you are to write an annotation for each source). However, you must use five or more sources in your final presentation. 

Use the TEMPLATE below to summarize and evaluate each of your three sources.

Citation:

Written in APA reference list format. For more help with formatting, see APA handout.

Summary:

What is the purpose of the source, review article, original research? What topics are covered? This section is generally 3-5 sentences that summarize the author’s main point. For more help, see this link on paraphrasing sources.

Evaluation:

After summarizing the article (or research paper or book), it is necessary to evaluate it and state where you found it – its source (e.g.,journal, website, etc.). Briefly answer the following questions in 3-5 sentences:

What is the format or type of source (e.g., peer-reviewed journal paper, website, book)? How reliable is the information in the article, and how credible is the source (e.g., website’s sponsoring organization, journal or book publisher) and the author(s)? 

You must submit your Annotated Bibliography as a “Microsoft Word” document using the template provided (rather than a Word Pad, Works, etc. document).

PART 2: Outline

Assignment Objective: Organize your thoughts and the main points of your research for your final presentation in outline format.

Assignment Instructions:  To help you complete Assignment 3: The Presentation, you will first submit an outline to organize your thoughts and main points. Your outline should be formatted a specific way and must contain the following elements as described below. 

To prepare for this assignment, I recommend that you do the following:

Read these directions carefully.

Read the grading criteria below. The grading criteria is a detailed evaluation that I will use to assess your performance. It also will help you understand what is expected of you as you prepare your assignment.

Message me with any questions!

Be sure to add your name to your outline.

The outline format: Your outline must be formatted as described. Please note that this format will be assessed in your grade:

Use an alphanumeric sequence 

Sections should be indented and aligned

Follow the suggested order of the required elements

Use brief but detailed and descriptive phrases. 

The required elements: Your outline should contain the following elements in this order: 

I. The Introduction: This section previews your topic and the details you will cover in the body of your presentation. It should be very brief, but include:

A. The food, cuisine, invention or idea that you are going to discuss.

B. Why you chose this topic.

C. A preview of the regions where your topic has developed and then diffused to.

II. The Body (Content Sections): In the body, you must address how the four geographic concepts mentioned in the presentation instructions (regions, cultural landscapes, diffusion, and distance decay) relate to your topic. 

A. Regions: Discuss the origin region or regions of your topic, with specific attention to the geographic qualities of the region that influenced the development of your topic.

B. Cultural Landscape: Discuss how the landscape in the region(s) described above have been shaped by the culture that gave rise to your topic, and how your topic might be reflected in that landscape.

C. Diffusion: Discuss how your topic has diffused from its origin. Where has it diffused to? What factors led to its diffusion there? What kind of diffusion has it experienced?

D. Distance Decay: Discuss how your topic has changed as it has diffused away from the region(s) of its origin. Explain these changes with reference to the geographic qualities of the regions it has diffused to.

III. The Conclusion Section: this section should contain four to six points that sum up the main points from the body of the outline.

Start your conclusion with one sentence summarizing some basic information about your topic.

Continue with a brief summary (1-2 sentences) about the important characteristics of its origin region(s).

Include a brief note about relevant cultural landscapes.

Include a brief summary (1-2 sentences) about the diffusion of your topic and the distance decay it experienced.

Wrap up the conclusion section with a closing note that provides brief information about why this topic was of interest to you, and a fact about your topic you found interesting.

IV. Reference section: This is not just the reference page; rather, referencing should occur throughout the outline as it will in your presentation. Therefore, your outline should include both a separate reference page containing a minimum of five sources listed in proper APA reference list format AND internal citations throughout the outline where appropriate. Please be sure to see the resources below for assistance regarding in-text citations and reference list formatting, and/or ask me if you have any additional questions.

Please make note of the following tips and tricks:

I understand that this is a rough draft and, as your research and writing continue over the next few weeks, details may be added or changed. Although you do not have to resubmit it to me, I recommend that you update this outline to help you best complete the Final Presentation.

Write your outline so that it has detailed bullets that you can easily then flesh out into sentences for the narration of your Final Presentation.

After your outline is complete, I recommend that you next draft your introductory and conclusion sections for your presentation. This will ensure that all the main points of the outline are incorporated in these two framing sections of your final presentation. 

Please note that less than 10% of your outline or presentation should be direct quotes.

All internal citation references should be listed on the reference page, and vice versa.

You must submit your Outline as a “Microsoft Word” document (rather than a Word Pad, Works, etc. document)

PART 3: PRESENTATION

Assignment Objective: Develop an audio-narrated PowerPoint presentation based on the research you have conducted about your chosen topic.

Assignment Instructions: Using the course project steps completed to date, you will develop your presentation based on assignment 1 and 2.

To prepare for this assignment, I recommend that you do the following:

Read these directions carefully.

Review the grading rubric below. The grading rubric is a detailed evaluation that I will use to assess your performance. It also will help you understand what is expected of you as you prepare your assignment.

Presentation requirements:

Your presentation will be submitted as an audio-narrated PowerPoint. For instructions on how to create audio narration in PowerPoint, see the following link: Record a Slide Show With Narration. Audio narration is a requirement! 

There must be a visual element (e.g., photos, videos, graphs, figures).

Your presentation must contain approximately 10-15 slides (excluding references) and run approximately 5-10 minutes. 

Please note that less than 10% of your presentation should be direct quotes.

Proper use and pronunciation of geographic terminology are required. 

Be sure to properly cite your work, both internal to the presentation as well as within the reference slide (this includes photos, graphs, figures, videos, etc.).

All references listed on the reference slide should be cited internally within the presentation, and vice versa.

The required elements: Your presentation should contain the following elements in the order listed below. Specific content for each section is detailed in Assignment 2: The Outline.

In addition, I expect that any feedback provided to you from Assignment 1: Annotated Bibliography and Assignment 2: The Outline be incorporated into this assignment. Please go back and review those comments.

Introduction – this section must contain your topic, why you chose your topic, and preview where your topic developed and diffused to.

Body (Content) – this section must contain examine how your topic relates to four geographic concepts: regions, cultural landscapes, diffusion and distance decay

Conclusion Slide – this section must contain four to six points that sum up the main topics of the presentation.

Reference Slide (and Internal Citations) – this section must contain the following: 

Internal citations – This is not just a separate section; rather, referencing should occur throughout the presentation via parenthetical citations anytime you paraphrase, make direct quotes, or use visual components from other sources. Please be sure to cite any language, images, videos, etc. in the presentation that should be cited. 

Reference Slide – Your paper should also have a final reference slide listing at least 5 credible sources researched for your presentation.

Do not include your summary/evaluation from Assignment 1: Annotated Bibliography; simply list the references utilized in your presentation in APA format on the reference slide.

You must submit your Presentation as a “PowerPoint” document

MLA 8 edition

Introduction has to have brief sum up of the chosen work and the authors background mentioned in the text. The last sentence will be a thesis statement that starts off I truly enjoyed…..2 things I enjoyed. Example: symbolism of the name the black cat and the symbolism of the cat in the story and the theme of violence.

Body: 1 paragraph to explain each theme, for each point devote one quote from the story to explain or backup your choices

Conclusion : restate thesis statement then finish discussion by bring in what was gained from the analysis tell whether or not it should be recommended to someone else to read and make one personal connectione or use a current day example of how the story is relevant

Conclusion : restate thesis statement then finish discussion by bring in what was gained from the analysis tell whether or not it should be recommended to someone else to read and make one personal connection or use a current day example of how the story is relevant

write 1 page on the various roles that Social Workers can play during this pandemic and how/why we are essential workers now more than ever

The needs of the pediatric patient differ depending on age, as do the stages of development and the expected assessment findings for each stage. In a 500-750-word paper, examine the needs of a school-aged child between the ages of 5 and 12 years old and discuss the following:

1. Compare the physical assessments among school-aged children. Describe how you would modify assessment techniques to match the age and developmental stage of the child.
2. Choose a child between the ages of 5 and 12 years old. Identify the age of the child and describe the typical developmental stages of children that age.
3. Applying developmental theory based on Erickson, Piaget, or Kohlberg, explain how you would developmentally assess the child. Include how you would offer explanations during the assessment, strategies you would use to gain cooperation, and potential findings from the assessment.

Prepare this assignment according to the guidelines found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center. An abstract is not required.

This assignment uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion.

You are required to submit this assignment to LopesWrite. Refer to the LopesWrite Technical Support articles for assistance.

For this assignment you will introduce, identify key issues, explain the analysis process, discuss the results, and summarize a case related to human performance technology applied to supermarkets in India in the form of a proposal.  In addition to the items above you are to make suggestions to improve the methods used in the case as well as provide your own conclusion.

The proposal should be twelve to fifteen (12-15) page paper, excluding the title page and references.  The proposal (as Microsoft Word files) must be submitted with at least 3 references INCLUDING THE ATTACHED CASE STUDY.

 Format: 12 fonts, Time New Roman, Double-Space, and 1’ margin

 Format: APA 6^th edition Format with 3 references including attached case study

 Required Project Components

1) Title Page:

2) Table of Contents

3) Why Your Team Select this Case?

4) Case Introduction

5) Problems/Issues in the Case

6) Explanation of Analysis Process

7) Results of the Case

8) Synthesis/Summary of the Case

9) What are Your Suggestions to Improve the Process/Methods/Approaches Used in the Case?

10) Your Team Conclusion (By reviewing and analyzing the case you select, specific opinion and thought about the case, regardless of the conclusion of the case which authors have written. I would like to hear your voice from in your conclusion)

Requires a separate TURNITIN REPORT with LESS THAN 20% Similarity

Write a 5-7-page paper. Must be APA 6th Edition format, 1in margin, 12pt font, New Times Roman or Ariel font Double spaced, NO EXTRA SPACES , Properly formatted Section headings as appropriate no less 5-7 legitimate, verifiable sources try not to use the same sources as in the power point, Cover page, abstract, body of paper, intext citations, reference page. This is due Friday October 4, 2019 at 10Am Friday EST 36 hours. Plagiarism Free!!

Instructions

The Individual Paper is worth 100 points and is 30% of your final grade. In this paper, implement a solution to the ethical situation identified by the group in the group project. The implementation paper is to include, but is not limited to suggested training, identification of stakeholders, the implementation plan and process, and a draft code of ethics. If you make use of an existing code of ethics, make sure to properly cite and reference the work of others. Material from the group project PowerPoint presentation may be incorporated as needed, but remember the vast majority of this paper must be new original material. The body of the paper shall be 5 to 7 pages,  excluding other material such as the cover page, abstract, table of contents, graphics and tables, and references. The Individual Implementation Paper shall contain: · Cover Page · Abstract · Body of Paper (10to-12 pages) · References Page The paper shall be formatted as follows: · APA 6th edition · 1 inch margins · 12 point font, either New Times Roman or Arial font style · Double spaced, making sure there are no “extra” spaces in between paragraphs · Properly formatted Section headings as appropriate

Individual Paper

In the Individual Paper, implement a solution to the ethical situation identified by the group in the group project. The implementation paper is to include, but is not limited to suggested training, identification of stakeholders, the implementation plan and process, and a draft code of ethics. If you make use of an existing code of ethics, make sure to properly cite and reference the work of others. Material from the group project PowerPoint presentation may be incorporated as needed, but remember the vast majority of this paper must be new original material. The body of the paper shall be 10 to 12 pages, excluding other material such as the cover page, abstract, table of contents, graphics and tables, and references.

Please answer these questions and see below for instructions. 1 paragraph per question. I attached  chapters 4-6 as a word doc so you can find the answers. NO OUTSIDE SOURCES.

•  Answer the following questions, Be sure to number your answers, so they correspond with the questions.
  Each answer to each question should be at least one paragraph or more. Answers may come from the textbook, from resources provided here in the course in Blackboard, and from your mind.
  No work should be submitted from outside sources the Internet or other sources (there  are a lot of bad resources on the internet, so stick with what is  provided here – I’m interested in your ability to think through and  discuss these issues, not copy from external sources). 
  Please Note: DO NOT SUBMIT ANSWERS in the “Add Comments” section (see attached image)
  Be sure to use standard English grammar and spelling.
  Chapter 4
   1. Compare, contrast, and evaluate the views of John Searle and René Descartes on dualism.  
• 2. Compare, contrast, and evaluate the views of George Berkeley and Thomas Hobbes on the mind.  
• 3. Explain and evaluate what David Hume means by saying that we have no evidence of the self.  
• 4. How is Hume’s view of the mind related to that of the Tibetan Master Milarepa’s on this subject? 
• Chapter 5
   5. Explain, compare, and contrast the views of Anselm and Gaunilo regarding the Ontological argument.   
• 6. Explain, contrast, and evaluate the views of Freud and Nietzsche, on the rationality of religious belief.   
• 7. Explain, compare, and evaluate the views of Tolstoy and Kierkegaard, on the rationality of religious belief.  
• 8. Explain and evaluate Pascal’s Wager. Would belief based on such an argument get you into heaven? 
•  9.  Explain and evaluate William Paley’s version of the design argument.  Does the argument provide a rational basis for belief in some sort of  creative intelligence behind the universe and life?  
• 10. Explain and evaluate the problem of evil. 
• Chapter 6
   11. Compare and contrast the main tenets of Hinduism, Buddhism, and Taoism.  
• 12. Explain in detail the connection between the Tao, Ying, and Yang.  
• 13. Articulate how principles of Taoism serve as the foundation of the art of Feng Shui.  
• 14.  Explain and evaluate the views of Sogyal Rinpoche regarding death and  human activity in the modern world ( from the readings at the end of  chapter 6).  
• 15. Consider and explain the evidence for reincarnation and the experience of other levels of reality presented in the chapter.           

When responding to your classmates, recommend collaborative techniques that might contribute to their audit preparations. Provide specific examples to support your response.

Post #1

Preparing for any audit can cause an organization to instantly be on the defensive or feel as if they have done something wrong. The first thing I would do as a healthcare leader would be to emphasize to those affected that they are not trying to get anyone in trouble or there needs to be a shift in blame. I would reiterate that this is being done to improve future quality and to ensure that the organization is billing correctly. This compliance is very important for the sustainability of a health organization and an audit proves (or disproves) that this aspect of the care is being done correctly.

Another preparation method would be having all potential document requests already prepared. The timeliness of these submissions will make speed up the process and help the auditors to do their jobs easier. CMS says RACs can make patient-status judgments going back six months as long as hospitals have submitted their claims within 3 months of patient treatment (Stein, 2015). Having this information going back in the allotted time frame will be important for quick retrieval of these documents.

Collaboration is crucial if this process is going to occur with the least amount of resistance. Having all providers educated to the process and why this is occurring will be important so they will assist with maximum compliance. Collaborating and communicating with the provider groups is important because I have found in my own experience that people will push back on these sorts of processes when they do not fully understand why it is occurring. That is why educating all parties involved with this audit will be such an important part of this process. A hospital administrator has the resources and network to provide and promote this education and ultimately improve the healthcare facilities billing and coding quality.

Stein Michelle M. (2015). CMS Limits RAC Audits On Hospital Status Reviews. Inside CMS, 18(1), 19.

Post #2

The Recovery Audit Program identifies overpayments or underpayments on claims for services under Medicare (Castro, 2018). The Recovery Audit Contractors (RAC) carry out the actions for the audits of the program in their assigned regions of the United States (Castro, 2018).

As a healthcare administrator in a hospital environment I would want everyone to have knowledge of the audit process and any concerns, but I believe that having a designated staff member, or team, who can best prepare the organization is key. Having a team, or team member, who can create a compliance plan and be familiar with the audit process would be beneficial. I would utilize information from the RAC to gain insight on how to anticipate what will be expected by the RAC. For example, the RAC quarterly newsletters that identify their top concerns can help identify what should be a top focus for your organization when reviewing processes and corrective action that may be necessary (Castro, 2018). The RAC also works to ensure that their policies are understood clearly to ensure standardization and prevent various interpretations (Castro, 2018). The team would ideally have an understanding of how to utilize the RAC web portal for communication, which can make the process more efficient and effective. Ideally, they would be able to obtain and provide any requested information quickly when the need occurs. Learning from other audits to prevent future audits would be a goal. Reviewing past claims in audits and possible causes can give an idea of what training or strategies should be implemented to prevent future errors (Stillwell, 2018).

References

Castro, A.B. (2018). Principles of healthcare reimbursement (6th ed.). Chicago, IL: American Health Information Management Association.

Stillwell, K. (2018, January 5). Be Prepared for a Recovery Audit Contractor Audit. Retrieved from https://www.thedoctors.com/articles/avoid-being-put-on-the-rac-be-prepared-for-a-recovery-audit-contractor-audit/

Solve the equation on the far right for v. Then substitute this expression for “v” into the first set of equations. Now solve for “r,” the radius of the discrete orbit.

Calculate the orbital radius of the hydrogen atom for the first principal quantum number. Use the general expression given in the test to calculate this value. (Hint: Quantum numbers are not significant digits and should not be counted as such in determining your final answer. Thus, this answer should have 2 significant digits.)

[removed] A

Calculate the speed of an electron in the innermost orbit of a hydrogen atom.

[removed] x 10[removed] m/sec

Use the Energy Levels for Hydrogen chart in the text to calculate the wavelength corresponding to the following electron transition. (Due to significant figure rules, energy answers should be written to the nearest tenth and wavelengths should have 2 significant figures.)

Transition	Energy in ev’s	Emitted wavelengths in m
3  1	[removed]a0	[removed]a1 x 10[removed]a2

Calculate the orbital radius of the hydrogen atom for the second principal quantum number.

[removed] A

Calculate the orbital radius of the hydrogen atom for the fifth principal quantum number.

[removed] A

Assume that the radius of the hydrogen nucleus is 1.4 · 10^-15 meters. How much larger than the nucleus is the entire hydrogen atom? (Calculate the atomic radius for n = 1. Round answer to nearest tenth.)

[removed] x 10[removed] times larger than the nucleus.

A pure sample of atomic gas has atoms with six principal quantum numbers that can yield several emission lines. What is the number of possible electron shell transitions for which energy is radiated? (Hint: if an electron has jumped form n = 1 to n = 6, it can have these transitions: n=6 to n=5, n=6 to n=4, n=6 to n=3, n=6 to n=2, n=6 to n=1. That’s 5 of them – can you find the rest? Remember, the electron didn’t have to jump all the way to the n=6 level to start out with.)

[removed]

Use the Energy Levels for Hydrogen chart in the text to calculate the wavelength corresponding to the following electron transition. (Due to significant figure rules, energy answers should be written to the nearest tenth and wavelengths should have 2 significant figures.)

Transition	Energy in ev’s	Emitted wavelengths in m
2  1	[removed]

A 38-year-old woman presents to the office with complaints of weight

loss, fatigue, and insomnia of 3-month duration. She reports that she has

been feeling gradually more tired and staying up late at night because

she can’t sleep. She does not feel that she is doing as well in her occupation

as a secretary and states that she has trouble remembering things.

She does not go outdoors as much as she used to and cannot recall the

last time she went out with friends or enjoyed a social gathering. She

feels tired most of the week and states she feels that she wants to go to

sleep and frequently does not want to get out of bed. She denies any

recent medication, illicit drug, or alcohol use. She feels intense guilt

regarding past failed relationships because she perceives them as faults.

She states she has never thought of suicide, but has begun to feel increasingly

worthless.

Her vital signs and general physical examination are normal, although

she becomes tearful while talking. Her mental status examination is significant

for depressed mood, psychomotor retardation, and difficulty attending

to questions. Laboratory studies reveal a normal metabolic panel, normal

complete blood count, and normal thyroid functions.

➤ What is the most likely diagnosis?

➤ What is your next step?

➤ What are important considerations and potential complications of

management?

APA format, Original work, no page limit as long as ALL  questions are answered

Discuss !

A 50-year-old man has been suffering from substernal pain for the last 5 months, particularly on waking up in the morning. He lost his job a year ago and was suffering from depression. He consumes about 12–16 cans of beer every day. He has lost his appetite too and says that eating aggravates pain.

• Is this acute or chronic gastritis?
• What factors may lead to the development of gastritis?
• What investigation should be performed?
• How can the patient be treated?

Term Paper Instructions
You are required to write about current events that are relevant to human resources
management.
Article Date Requirement: The selected article should be published within three months
of the due date.
Article Source: Potential sources include The Wall Street Journal, Fortune,
BusinessWeek, Money, HR Magazine and Training & Development Journal, Society for
Human Resource Management (SHRM) website.
The content of this paper should include three parts:
1. Review of Important /Major Content offered in the Article:
Approximately one page in length. This page should be a well-written, concise, and
complete synopsis of the important elements of the article. Short articles will not work
because they will not be able to be summarized into one page in length!
2. Deep Look at the Relevance to Course:
Approximately three pages in length and fully cited. This should specifically describe
the chapter(s), chapter topic(s), class discussion(s) and key concept(s) this current
event article specifically pertains to and how the article expands your understanding of
the course content.
3. Reference Page:
Provide a full “References” page at end of the paper and check to assure those in-text
citations coordinate to a reference – and that references coordinate with in-text citations
utilized in the paper.
Note: The paper should be double-spaced, with 1- inch margins on all sides, no extra spacing
between paragraphs, and use the Times New Roman 12-point font.

Collapse of Civilizations

 

The ancient civilizations discussed this week and last week all to  some extent collapsed. For this discussion, discuss the collapse of one  of the civilizations described in the textbook. On p. 480, different  causes for civilizational collapse are listed: identify the cause (or  causes) most applicable to your chosen civilization and support this  with evidence. Lastly, use the information on p. 481-482 to discuss  whether our own civilization is destined to collapse. Based on what we  have learned from ancient civilizations, are their ways we can  culturally adapt to changes?

This assignment requires Ambulatory Care Coding experience.

You CAN NOT google these questions for the answers.

Must be CPC, CCS, or RHIT certified coder.

Please check 40 that are answered, 40 that are unanswered.

Need by 09.16.2015

Ambulatory Care Coding

1. Patient had a left femoral hemiorraphy for a recurrent hernia, what is the correct code assignment?

C. 49555

1. A patient was taken to the endoscopy suite. The endoscopy was passed into the esophagus and continued into the duodenal bulb. Based on this documentation, what CPT code would be selected to represent this procedure? 

1. 43200
2. 43234
3. 43235
4. 43260 

1. Which of the following is not coded separately from the coronary artery bypass procedure?

1. Upper extremity artery
2. Upper extremity vein
3. Saphenous vein
4. Femoropoplitear segment of a vein 

1. Which of the following CPT codes should be used for an emergency curettage due to retained placenta after normal vaginal delivery?

1. 58120
2. 59160
3. 49320
4. 59840 

1. How do you code a retropubic subtotal prostatectomy? B. 55831 
2. Treatment of a missed abortion, completed surgically a 22 weeks is coded as? C. 59821 
3. Which of the following CPT codes describes the surgical removal of kidney stones through an incision in the body of the kidney.

                D.50060

1. The patient undergoes the closure of a nephrocutaneous fistula, how is this coded?

               B. 50520

1. The patient provides a kidney to a sibling who has renal failure. An open procedure is performed. How is this coded? B. 50320

10. Principles of ICD-9-CM coding for ambulatory care encounters includes.

              A. Ambulatory care diagnoses should be coded to the highest of certainly at the conclusion of the encounter.

              B. Code suspected diagnoses as if the disease or injury existed.

C. conditions previously treated and no longer existing are coded.

D.Only the most significant diagnosis should be coded.

1. Level  2 codes of the HCPCS coding system are maintained by the:D.Center for medicare and Medicaid services. 
2. J1020 injection methylprednisolone acetate, 20 mg is an example of aC. Level 2 code 
3. Level one of HCPCS consists of

1. CPT codes

1. The inclusion of a code in COT indicates that the procedure is:

1. Commonly performed across the country
2. Endorsed by the AMA
3. Reimbursed by third party payers 

1. The three key components used in defining the levels of E/M services are:

1. History, examination, medical decision making. 

1. The differences between a new patient and an established patient is whether the patient received professional services from the physician or another physician of the same specialty who belongs to the same group of practice

1. Within the past three years

1. Mary Cole, who is recovering from pneumonia, returns to her physicians for follow up. Dr. Small reviews a recent x-ray, performs a problem focus examination followed by a short discussion of findings. CPT code assigned.

1. 99212

1. Refer to the medical decision making table in your CPT book. Given the following information determine the type of medical decision making involved. Number of diagnoses/management options _ limited, amount and/ or complexity of data reviewed _ moderate risk of complications and / or morbidity or mortality high.

1. High complexity
2. Low complexity
3. Moderate complexity
4. Straightforward

1. Joan Harrington is required by required by her insurance company to obtain a second opinion consultation prior to undergoing a hysterectomy, she presents to Dr. Marks who conducts a comprehensive history and physical examination medical decision making is moderate. Dr. Marks concurs that the surgery is necessary. Dr. Marks assigns the following CPT code for the visit.B. 99244 
2. Which code is used to report anesthesia services for a Medicare patient undergoing a tranurethal resection of the prostate? 

1. 00914 

1. Cystourethroscopy with fulguration of bladder tumor (2.5 cm inside) is coded. 

1. 52235 

1. A biopsy of skin and subcutaneous tissue (3 lesions) would be coded. C.11643 
2. A debridement of the skin, subcutaneous tissue and muscle is coded.

C.11043

24. Bisch of procedure

1. 63170

25. Open reduction of fracture of the distal fibula with internal fixation

1. 27792

26. Transurethral resection of prostate following urethral dilation.

1. 52601

27. Repeat cry cautery of the cervix.

1. 57510
2. 57511
3. 57511, 57511
4. 5713

28. Two facial lacerations are repaired with layer closure. One is 10 cm and the other is 3 cm.

1. 12016
2. 12035
3. 12052, 12054
4. 12055

29. Esophagoscopy for removal of foreign, body is coded.

1. 43045
2. 43200, 43215
3. 43215
4. 43247

30. Simple hemorrhoidectomy, internal and external with fistulectomy.

1. 46255
2. 43255, 46270
3. 46257
4. 46258

31. Arthroscopy of knew with synovial biopsy.

1. 01382
2. 27330
3. 29870
4. 29875

32. A patient develops difficulty during surgery and the physician discontinues the procedure, identify the modifier that may be reported by the physician to indicate that the procedure was discontinued.

1. -52
2. -53
3. -73
4. -74

33. EGD with laser destruction of a pedunculated polyp in the duodenum.

1. 43250
2. 43234, 43258
3. 43239
4. 43258

34. What is the correct code assignment for ligation of four hemorrhoids?

A. 46945, 46946

B. 46946

C. 46900, 46910

D. 46924

35. Which of the following is vital for determing why an insurance company paid less than expected?

1. CPT code book
2. The explanation of benefits
3. Knowledge of the insurance regulation
4. Talking to the patient

36. To properly link the diagnosis to the service what should be listed in box 24 of the CMS_1500 claim form?

1. The place of service code
2. One linking reference number from box 21
3. The CPT code number
4. The ICD_9-CM code number

37. Which set of percentages is correct for initial hospital services, 99221 65, 99222 296, 99223 362, 99231 261, 99232 410, 99233 174

1. 4%, 19%, 23%
2. 13%, 45%, 42%
3. 9%, 41%, 50%
4. 36%, 57%, 24%

38. A claim is denied because the CPT code and place of service code do not match. Where would the coder look to solve this problem for the future?

B. Fee schedule database

39. A patient presents with a closed fracture of the supracondylar humerus and receives open treatment with intercondylar: How should this be coded?

D.24546

40. Red blood cell count, differential white blood cell count, and platelet count automated, is coded as?

C. 85041, 85004, 85049

41. An asthmatic patient is treated with two nebulizer inhalation treatment on the same day by the same physician, using prefilled vials of 0.5 mg of albuterol and 2.5 mg normal saline. How is this coded?

1. 94640, 94640-76, J7611, J7611
2. 94664-76
3. 94664, 94664-22, J7611x6
4. 94640, 94640

42. A catheter is placed into the renal pelvis for injection. The same physician perfors both the injections and the supervision and interpretation. How is this coded?

1. 50392, 74475-26
2. 50392, 74475
3. 74475-26
4. 74475

43. Magnetic resonanceimagaing cholangiopancreatograpy on a 25 year old male

1. 74185
2. 76498
3. 58037
4. 58042

44. A rapid influenza test is performed with a commercial test kit. When complete, the technician visually reads the results as positive, how is this procedure coded?

1. 87275
2. 87276
3. 87400
4. 87804

45. Some reconstructive plastic surgical procedures are performed in multiple stages. What modifier should the surgeon report when the patient is returned to sugery for a planned stage procedure?

C. 58

46. Accu-check home blood glucose monitor

1. A4258
2. E0607
3. A4253
4. E0607, A4253 

47. CT of maxillofacial area, with and without contrast.

1. 70488
2. 70487
3. 70450
4. 70486, 70487 

48. Two- view x-ray of sacrum and cocoyy

D. 82607, J3420

49. What is the correct code for a nonabsorption vitamin B_12 level?

1. 82608
2. 82607
3. J3420
4. 82607, J3420

50. RS&I of bilateral extremity angiograph

1. 75716

51. When clinical laboratory tests are reported on the same day, what modifier should be assigned?

B. 91

52. In addition to the claim submitted by the surgeon, the assistant surgeon bills for his or her services. What modifier does the assistant surgeon attach to the procedure code?

1. 62
2. 52
3. 81
4. 80

53. A female patient about undergo chemo, decided to harvest and store eggs for later attempts at pregnancy. How is the laboratory service of storage coded?

1. 89342
2. 89346
3. 89343
4. 89528

54. Visual acuity screening

1. 99173

55. Comprehensive opthalmology evaluation for a new patient.

1. 99204
2. 92012
3. 92004
4. 92002 

56. Binaural hearing aid check

1. 92539
2. 92591
3. 92590
4. 92591, 92539

57. Individual interactive psychotherapy, outpatient, 50 minutes.

                D. 90834, 90784

58. EEG, awake and sleep

                 B. 95819

59. With the use of imaging, the patient had a percutaneous needle core biopsy of the left brest.

                 D. LT

60. Barium enema with KUB

               C. 74270

61. Planned sigmoidoscopy with removal of foreign body under conscious sedation, procedure not completed due to hypotension. How would the physician report this?

               C. 53

62. Comprehensive oral examination

1. D0150
2. D0145
3. D0502
4. D0121

63. A radiologist interprest x-ray for a community hospital. The equipment belongs to the hospital. What modifier should the radiologist append to his CPT code?

1. 26
2. TC
3. 59
4. 52

64. Replacement of a nonprogrammable epidural drug infusion pump

1. 62360
2. 62362
3. 62360, 62361
4. 62361

65. Initiation and management of continuous positive airway pressure ventilation

1. 94660

66. Removal of foreign body from cornea using a slit lamp

1. 65205
2. 65222
3. 65205, 65222
4. 65220

67. Cervical collar, foam, un-adjustable

1. L0150
2. L0180
3. E0856
4. L0120 

68. Hearing aid, monaural, behind the ear.

1. V5241
2. V5298
3. V5160
4. V5060

69. The physician provides a patient covered by commercial insurance with a peak flow meter to use at home.

                     D.   58096

70. The physician performs an arthroscopic debridement of the shoulder, extensive, with chondroplasty and abrasion, arthroplasty. An arthroscopic mumford procedure is also performed. How is this coded?

1. 11044-RT, 23120-RT
2. 29823-RT, 29824-RT
3. 11044-RT, 29824-RT
4. 29823-RT, 23120-RT 

71. The modifier used to report therapeutic interventional procedures on the right coronary artery is.

1. RT
2. RC
3. 50
4. LC

72. The physician performs an open repair of the medical meniscus of right knee: How is this coded.

C. 27403-RT

73. Modified radical mastectomy

1. 19307

74. The physician treats a patient who has osteomyelitis of the left scapula following a past injury. A piece of dead bone is removed from the body of the scapula. How is this coded?

                    A. 23172-LT

75. The physician performed a partial avulsion of the nail plate of the left thumb.

A. FA

76. Surgical sinus endoscopy with spenoidotomy

                      C. 31287

77. Percutaneous thrombectomy of AV Fistual Graft

1. 36870
2. 35331
3. 92973
4. 35363

78. Prosthetic aortic value placement, using CP bypass

                     C. 33405

79. Diagnostic lumber puncture

                     A. 62270

80. Catheterization of Eustachian tubes, tympanic approach

1. 69631
2. 69405
3. 69405-50
4. 69400

 

 

Based on the topic and theoretical lens you have chosen in Unit Four, carry out a review of the literature around the topic selected and generate an annotated bibliography. Gather and assess five scholarly research articles relevant to your topic, compiling these articles into an annotated bibliography. Annotated bibliographies are comprised of a brief summary of the article and a discussion and assessment of how the article will contribute to the research project. These five sources must be scholarly sources of original research, such as journal articles and books. Although students may use relevant course readings for their research projects, the annotated bibliographies must not include course readings. Each annotated bibliography should be approximately 150 – 200 words per entry (total 750 – 1000 words). Annotated bibliographies must be written according to academic standards of scholarship and referencing using APA. There are many helpful university-based websites, including the following, to help students prepare their annotated bibliographies: OWL. (n.d.). Purdue online writing lab. Retrieved from https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/614/03/ Cornell Unversity. (n.d.). How to prepare an annotated bibliography: The annotated bibliography. Retrieved from http://guides.library.cornell.edu/annotatedbibliography

 

Submit by the due date and time listed in your syllabus.

Overview

This assignment will allow you to create an evidence-based practice project that includes the development of a PICO question and follows the initial steps of the Iowa Model. You will share your findings using an APA formatted paper.

Submitting your assignment

· Save this document to your desktop as a Word document.

· Open the document from your desktop and review the assignment instructions and grading rubric.

· Create a separate Word document for your paper.

· Return to the course and upload your paper and your nursing research article that was approved by your coach in Module 2 to the assignment submission link in Module Four. Please note: if you forget to upload your nursing quantitative research article, a 5 point penalty will be applied to your paper.

Grading Rubric

Use this rubric to guide your work the assignment. Points are awarded for each section based on content and clarity of expression.

	Accomplished (Maximum points awarded)	Proficient (Points awarded based on content)	Needs Improvement (Minimum points awarded)
Initial PICO question completed / nursing research article selected.	Research article is a quantitative article, nursing focused, and is 5 years or less from current publication date. Please note: if you forget to upload your nursing quantitative research article, a 5 point penalty will be applied to your paper 5 to > 3 points	Research article is a quantitative article that is nursing focused but is greater than 5 years old. 3 – >2 points	Research article is not nursing focused or is a qualitative article, systematic review, meta-synthesis, meta-analysis, meta-summary, integrative review, clinical information article or “how-to” article. No article uploaded. 2 to >0 points
Opening Paragraph (Paragraph #1)	Introduction statement(s) present. PICO question with all elements present. Statement of importance with two facts such as costs, morbidity, mortality, safety. Include related statistics with citation and is 5 years or less from current publication date. 10 – >8 points	No introduction statement(s). PICO statement is incomplete. Statement of importance incomplete or missing. Citation is incomplete or missing. 8 – >3 points	No introduction statement(s). PICO statement grossly incomplete or missing. Statement of importance missing. No citation 3 – >0 points
Summary paragraph for your nursing quantitative research article. (Paragraph #2)	Three facts clearly identified from quantitative nursing research article and is 5 years or less from current publication date. A least two of the facts include information from the Results and / or Discussion sections. Facts clearly tied to PICO question. Facts connected to your nursing practice. 10 – >8 points	Less than three facts clearly identified from quantitative nursing research article. Only one fact includes results or discussion sections. Facts not clearly tied to PICO question. Facts not clearly connected to your nursing practice. 8 – >3 points	No facts clearly identified from the article. No facts from the results or discussion sections No attempt to connect facts from the article back to the PICO question. No attempt to connect facts from the article back to your nursing practice. 3 – >0 points
Reliability paragraph for your nursing quantitative research article. (Paragraph #3)	Definition of reliability offered with citation. Discussion of reliability clearly connected to data collection or measurement methods with examples from the student’s research article. Type of reliability is identified and named. Hint: This information is covered in Chapter 10. Use Table 10-1 in your textbook to identify the type of reliability of        the measurement instrument / tool. 10 – >8 points	Vague or no definition of reliability. Minimal reference to data collection or measurement methods in discussion of reliability with no reference to specific information from the student’s article. Type of reliability is not clearly identified / named. 8 – >3 points	Vague statements about reliability made with no discussion of data collection or measurement methods offered. Type of reliability is not identified / named. 3 – >0 points
Validity paragraph for your nursing quantitative research article. (Paragraph #4)	Definition of validity offered with citation. Discussion of validity clearly connected to data collection, or measurement methods with examples from the student’s research article. Type of validity is identified and named. Hint: This information is covered in Chapter 10. Use Table 10-1 in your textbook to identify the type of validity of        the measurement instrument / tool. 10 – >8 points	Vague or no definition of validity. Minimal reference to data collection, or measurement methods in discussion of validity with no reference to specific information from the student’s article. Type of validity is not clearly identified / named. 8 – >3 points	Vague statements about validity made with no discussion of data collection or measurement methods offered. Type of validity is not identified / named. 3 – >0 points
Two additional strengths or weaknesses from your nursing quantitative research article. (Paragraph #5)	Two strengths or two weaknesses or one strength and one weakness are specifically identified from your nursing quantitative research article. The student choices for strengths / weaknesses must focus on the methods used by the authors for sampling, measurement methods used (ex. a questionnaire), or how the data was collected (data collection) with examples from the student’s research article. 10 – >8 points	Only one strength / or weakness explained well with second strength / weakness only identified. Strengths / weaknesses not based on sample, measurement methods, or data collection. 8 – >3 points	Strength / weaknesses identified are not based on these three critique skills. No strengths / weaknesses identified. 3 – >0 points
Clinical practice guideline summary. (Paragraph #6)	Name of the clinical practice guideline and specific website identified. Guideline is the most recent version or published within the past five years. Three facts clearly identified that were found within the guideline and relate to the practice of a BSN. Facts clearly tied to PICO question. Facts connected to your nursing practice. 10 – >8 points	Name of the clinical practice guideline or website not clearly identified. Fewer than three facts clearly identified that were found within the guideline or facts not specifically related to the practice of the nurse. Facts vaguely tied to PICO question. Facts vaguely connected to your nursing practice. 8 – >3 points	Name of the clinical practice guideline or website not stated. No clearly identified facts from the guideline. Facts not tied to PICO question or nursing practice. 3 – >0 points
“Fourth resource” summary. (Paragraph #7)	Three facts clearly identified from the fourth resource which is 5 years or less from current publication date. Facts clearly tied to PICO question. Facts connected to your nursing practice. 10 – >8 points	Less than three facts clearly identified from the fourth resource. Facts not clearly tied to PICO question. Facts not clearly connected your nursing practice. 8 – >3 points	No facts clearly identified from the fourth resource. No attempt to connect facts from the fourth resource back to the PICO question. No attempt to connect facts from the fourth resource back to your nursing practice. 3 – >0 points
Closing Paragraph(s) (Paragraph #8 and #9, if needed)	PICO question is restated. A summary of what was learned (from all sources) is present. Recommendations for practice are offered. 10 – >8 points	Missing one or more of the following elements: PICO question. A summary of what was learned. Recommendations for practice. 8 – >3 points	No PICO question. Poor or no attempt to summarize information from the resources. No / vague recommendations for practice are offered. 3 – >0 points
APA Style and Formatting	APA formatting for this paper will follow the guidelines for general formatting, in text-citations, margins, headings (if desired) alignment and line spacing, font type and size, paragraph indentation, page headers, and the reference page as explained in the 2nd edition of APA the Easy Way or the 6th edition of the APA Manual. Helpful Hints: · Do not use 1st person in a formal paper. · Do not use direct quotes, instead summarize and paraphrase what you are reading. Multiple quotes (more than two) will receive multiple point deductions. · Please do not forget to use the approved CONHI cover page. · Check your references format before submitting your paper. A ten-point deduction will be applied to your paper if the References page is omitted. The first time an APA error is discovered, it will be pointed out to you and a point will be deducted from your paper. Maximum number of points deducted for APA errors: 15 points

Instructions for Completing Your Assignment

· Step one: Using the topic you chose for Module 2 Searching for a Quantitative Nursing article, identify a nursing clinical practice question that you would like to explore.

· Step two: Complete the readings from Module Four. Use the readings from Module Four to put your nursing clinical practice question into a PICO format.

· Step three: Search for a nursing quantitative research article (or two) that relates to your PICO question using Academic Search Complete, CINHAL, Pubmed, Google Scholar, or any other database that contains nursing research articles. Please note: you may be able to use the article that you submitted in Module Two to meet this requirement.

· The article you will find must meet the following mandatory requirements:

· It must be based on the topic list attached here.

· It must be from a nursing research journal or have a nurse as an author.

· It must be no more than 5 years old from the current publication year.

· It must include implications and / or interventions that are applicable to nursing practice.

· It may not be a qualitative article, systematic review, meta-synthesis, meta-analysis, meta-summary, integrative review or a retrospective / quality improvement study. For more information on how to recognize these types of article see Grove, Gray, and Burns (2015) pp. 22-24.

· It may not be a clinical information article or “how-to” article.

· Step four: If you have questions about your PICO question formatting or the nursing quantitative research article that you found, post them to the Q & A discussion board for feedback from your peers.

· Self-check: if you choose the wrong type of nursing quantitative research article for your paper (the one that you will be using to write paragraph 2, 3, 4, & 5) the best grade you could make is a 55. Yikes!!! Please make sure that you have selected a nursing quantitative research article that meets the criteria for this assignment and ask for help if you are not sure. Please note: you may be able to use the article that you submitted in Module Two to meet this requirement.

· Step Five: Collecting More Evidence (Do the research)

· Find a resource published within the past 5 years that provides you with at least two facts (ex. costs, morbidity, mortality, safety, or other related statistics) for why your clinical problem is important (provide statistics). (The internet is a great place to get this information…just don’t forget to cite this information and add it to your reference page).

· Find a clinical practice guideline that relates to your question. It must have information that relates to the role of the nurse. Guideline is the most recent version or published within the past five years. (It is true that guidelines are not always updated within 5 years so you will need to discuss this.)

· Find a clinical “how-to” article, a nursing professional practice website, a systematic literature review, a meta-analysis, or a manufacturer’s website published within the past 5 years that relates to your practice question.

· Hint: Did you notice that you will be finding a total of four different sources of information for your PICO question? To re-cap, these four sources are:

· Statistics you are reporting in paragraph one.

· Nursing quantitative research article for paragraphs 2, 3, 4, and 5.

· Clinical Practice Guideline (paragraph 6)

· A source of your choosing (paragraph 7)

· Step Six: Write up your findings in APA format and submit them to assignment portal by the due date and time listed in your syllabus. Here’s how to write up your findings:

· Start with a UTA CONHI approved cover page.

· Paragraph #1: This is your opening paragraph. Start with an introduction statement. What is your PICO question? Describe why was it important (share the dollars, morbidity / mortality, statistics, safety stats you found with citation)?

· Paragraph #2: What did your nursing quantitative research article add to your knowledge on this topic? Share at least three facts (two must be from the Results or Discussion sections) that you found within the article in this paragraph that is relevant to your PICO question and your practice as a nurse.

· Paragraph #3: Define reliability as it is used in your textbook. Critique the reliability of the nursing quantitative research article you used. Go back to what you learned in your article critique about measurement methods and data collection in Module 3 to make sure you are being thorough in your assessment. Use Table 10-1 in your textbook to identify the type of reliability for your measurement instrument / tool. Be specific, so that your instructor, if reading the article, can find them too.

· Paragraph #4: Define validity as it is used in your textbook. Critique the validity of the nursing quantitative research article you used. Go back to what you learned in your article critique about measurement methods, and data collection to make sure you are being thorough in your assessment. Use Table 10-1 in your textbook to identify the type of validity for your measurement instrument / tool. Be specific, so that your instructor, if reading the article, can find them too.

· Paragraph #5: Using the skills you have learned in your critique of a research article, describe two strengths or two weaknesses (or one strength and one weakness) that you found as you read this article. Go back to what you learned in your article critique about sampling methods, measurement methods (ex. questionnaires), and data collection (how did they collect the data to make sure you are being thorough in your assessment. Be specific, so that your instructor, if reading the article, can find them too. Do not re-state the limitations provided by the authors of your study unless they have to do with the study’s sampling, measurement methods, or data collection. Do not discuss the descriptive or inferential statistics used by the authors as a strength or weakness of the study, as this is not related to with the study’s sampling, measurement methods, or data collection.

· Paragraph #6: What is the name and website of the clinical practice guideline that you found? Share at least three facts that you found within the guideline that is relevant to the PICO question and your practice as a BSN nurse and cite the guideline appropriately.

· Paragraph #7: Identify the fourth resource you found (clinical “how-to” article, a nursing professional practice website, a systematic literature review, a meta-analysis, or a manufacturer’s website) that relates to your practice question. Share at least three facts that you found within this source that is relevant to the PICO question and your practice as a nurse, and cite appropriately.

· Paragraph #8 (and #9 if needed): re-state your PICO question and briefly summarize what you have learned through your search. What would you recommend, if anything, as a change in practice for nurses? Why? Remember, this is your closing paragraph(s).

· Note to students about writing up your findings:

· This is a formal APA paper. Look at the Rubric for more APA information for this paper.

· Don’t forget to use your APA resources that were reviewed in Module Two!

· Don’t forget to use the Module Four discussion board for additional questions about your paper.

· Turn your paper (as a word document) and article (in pdf format) that you used for paragraphs 2, 3, 4, & 5 in to the assignment submission link in Module Four at the due date and time listed in your syllabus.

· Possible points for this assignment: 100 points

Module 4: Evidence Based Practice Project: Finding the Evidence

1. The placement of the industrial hygiene and safety functions in an organization’s structure can greatly impact how successful the programs will be. Some organizations place health and safety programs under the human resources department. Other organizations place these programs under the plant manager or the production manager. If you were a safety officer for an organization, where would you place health and safety programs in the organizational structure? Explain why you believe this placement would work best for your organization.

Your journal entry must be at least 200 words. No references or citations are necessary

2. You have been asked to perform a job hazard analysis (JHA) at your place of employment. Which method would you use to perform the JHA? Explain your choice.

Your journal entry must be at least 200 words. No references or citations are necessary.

3. Discuss a gas or vapor that you have dealt with in a workplace. Include information about how worker exposures were evaluated. If you have never had sampling for a gas or vapor performed in your workplace, review either the NIOSH Manual of Analytical Methods (NMAM) or the OSHA Sampling and Analytical Methods, and choose a vapor or gas that looks interesting to you.

Your journal entry must be at least 200 words. No references or citations are necessary.

4. The current OSHA permissible exposure limit (PEL) for nuisance dust is 15 mg/m3 as an 8-hour time-weighted average (TWA) exposure. The ACGIH has published a threshold limit value (TLV) for inhalable dust of 10 mg/m3. OSHA is required to consider economic and feasibility influences as well as health impacts for establishing or updating PELs. The ACGIH can consider only the health impacts when establishing TLVs. Imagine you are a safety officer having to establish an occupational exposure limit (OEL). Discuss how you would come to this exposure limit.

Your journal entry must be at least 200 words. No references or citations are necessary.

5. OSHA uses a 5 dBA exchange rate, meaning that the allowed exposure time is cut in half for every increase in exposure of 5 dBA. ACGIH and NIOSH recommend a 3 dBA exchange rate because noise energy exposure actually doubles every 3 dBA. OSHA explains the use of the 5 dBA exchange rate as a means to account for the time during a workday that the employee is not exposed to noise, like breaks. Imagine you are a safety officer who has to choose which exchange rate is preferable to use at your organization. Discuss in your journal entry whether the 5 dBA or the 3 dBA exchange rate should be used for controlling occupational noise exposure.

Your journal entry must be at least 200 words. No references or citations are necessary.

6. Imagine that you are a safety officer, and you have been asked to recommend a type of ventilation system for your company. Which one would you choose, and why?

Your journal entry must be at least 200 words. No references or citations are necessary.

7. OSHA allows respirator fit testing to be performed using either qualitative fit testing (QLFT) methods or quantitative fit testing (QNFT) methods that are specified in Appendix A of 29 CFR 1910.134. Discuss the fit testing methods with which you are familiar and which methods you prefer to use. If you have never been fit tested or performed fit testing, read Appendix A and discuss which of the methods you believe would be the easiest to perform. Give the reasons for your choice.,How can you apply what you learned in this course to your career or life success?

Your journal entry must be at least 200 words. No references or citations are necessary.

Last week, Arnold purchased 3 apples at the store for $3.90. This week he purchased 5 apples for $6.50.  Help Arnold analyze the price of apples.   

Write an equation, in slope-intercept form, that shows the relationship between the number of apples purchased and the total price.

In nursing practice, accurate identification and application of research is essential to achieving successful outcomes. The ability to articulate research data and summarize relevant content supports the student’s ability to further develop and synthesize the assignments that constitute the components of the capstone project.

The assignment will be used to develop a written implementation plan.

For this assignment, provide a synopsis of the review of the research literature. Using the “Literature Evaluation Table,” determine the level and strength of the evidence for each of the eight research articles you have selected. The articles should be current (within the last 5 years) and closely relate to the PICOT question developed earlier in this course. The articles may include quantitative research, descriptive analyses, longitudinal studies, or meta-analysis articles. A systematic review may be used to provide background information for the purpose or problem identified in the proposed capstone project.

While APA style is not required for the body of this assignment, solid academic writing is expected, and in-text citations and references should be presented using APA documentation guidelines, which can be found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center.

This assignment uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion.

You are not required to submit this assignment to LopesWrite.

AttachmentsNRS-493-RS4-LiteratureEvaluationTable.docx

 

Discussion: Treatment of Sleep/Wake Disorders

The power of sleep to heal the body cannot be underestimated. Most research indicates that 7–8 hours of sleep are a minimum that people need to stay healthy. Clients who come to the PMHNP’s office frequently complain of sleep problems. It is estimated that 10–20% of patients report some type of sleeping problem.

In this Discussion, you will analyze the diagnostic criteria and evidence-based psychotherapy and psychopharmacologic treatment for sleep/wake disorders.

Learning Objectives

Students will:

· Analyze diagnostic criteria for sleep/wake disorders

· Analyze evidence-based psychotherapy and psychopharmacologic treatment for sleep/wake disorders

· Analyze criteria for referring clients to primary care physicians for treatment of sleep/wake disorders

· Compare differential diagnostic features of sleep/wake disorders

To prepare for this Discussion:

· Your Instructor will have assigned you a sleep/wake disorder, which will be the focus of your original post for this Discussion. Insomnia

· Review the Learning Resources.

By Day 3

Post:

· Explain the diagnostic criteria for your assigned Insomnia disorder.

· Explain the evidenced-based psychotherapy and psychopharmacologic treatment for Insomnia disorder.

· Describe at what point you would refer the client to their primary care physician for an additional referral to a neurologist, pulmonologist, or physician specializing in sleep disorders and explain why.

· Support your rationale with references to the Learning Resources or other academic resource.

APA format. 350 words. Scholar authors only. I have provide you with the references that you will need to use. Please read all instructions.

Post a description of at least one potential benefit of using big data as part of a clinical system and explain why. Then, describe at least one potential challenge or risk of using big data as part of a clinical system and explain why. Propose at least one strategy you have experienced, observed, or researched that may effectively mitigate the challenges or risks of using big data you described. Be specific and provide examples.

References

McGonigle, D., & Mastrian, K. G. (2017). Nursing informatics and the foundation of knowledge (4th ed.). Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning.
Chapter 25, “The Art of Caring in Technology-Laden Environments” (pp. 525–535)
Chapter 26, “Nursing Informatics and the Foundation of Knowledge” (pp. 537–551)

American Nurses Association. (2018). Inclusion of recognized terminologies supporting nursing practice within electronic health records and other health information technology solutions. Retrieved from https://www.nursingworld.org/practice-policy/nursing-excellence/official-position-statements/id/Inclusion-of-Recognized-Terminologies-Supporting-Nursing-Practice-within-Electronic-Health-Records/

Macieria, T. G. R., Smith, M. B., Davis, N., Yao, Y., Wilkie, D. J., Lopez, K. D., & Keenan, G. (2017). Evidence of progress in making nursing practice visible using standardized nursing data: A systematic review. AMIA Annual Symposium Proceedings, 2017, 1205–1214. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5977718/

Office of the National Coordinator for Health Information Technology. (2017). Standard nursing terminologies: A landscape analysis. Retrieved from https://www.healthit.gov/sites/default/files/snt_final_05302017.pdf 

Rutherford, M. A. (2008). Standardized nursing language: What does it mean for nursing practice? Online Journal of Issues in Nursing, 13(1), 1–12. doi:10.3912/OJIN.Vol13No01PPT05.
Note: You will access this article from the Walden Library databases.

Thew, J. (2016, April 19). Big data means big potential, challenges for nurse execs. Retrieved from https://www.healthleadersmedia.com/nursing/big-data-means-big-potential-challenges-nurse-execs

Topaz, M. (2013). The hitchhiker’s guide to nursing theory: Using the Data-Knowledge-Information-Wisdom framework to guide informatics research. Online Journal of Nursing Informatics, 17(3).
Note: You will access this article from the Walden Library databases.

Wang, Y. Kung, L., & Byrd, T. A. (2018). Big data analytics: Understanding its capabilities and potential benefits for healthcare organizations. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 126(1), 3–13. doi:10.1016/j.techfore.2015.12.019.
Note: You will access this article from the Walden Library databases.

In this assignment, you will select a program, quality improvement initiative, or other project from your place of employment. Assume you are presenting this program to the board for approval of funding. Write an executive summary (850-1,000 words) to present to the board, from which they will make their decision to fund your program or project. The summary should include:

1. The purpose of the program or project.
2. The target population or audience.
3. The benefits of the program or project
4. The cost or budget justification.
5. The basis upon which the program or project will be evaluated.

Share your written proposal with your manager, supervisor or other colleague in a formal leadership position within a health care organization. Request their feedback using the following questions as prompts:

1. Do you believe the proposal would be approved if formally proposed?
2. What are some strengths and weaknesses of the proposal?

Submit the written proposal along with the “Executive Summary Feedback Form.”

Prepare this assignment according to the APA guidelines found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center. An abstract is not required.

This assignment uses a grading rubric. Instructors will be using the rubric to grade the assignment; therefore, students should review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the assignment criteria and expectations for successful completion of the assignment.

You are required to submit this assignment to Turnitin. Refer to the directions in the Student Success Center. Only Word documents can be submitted to Turnitin.

Quality health care is defined as “the degree to which health services for individuals and populations increase the likelihood of desired health outcomes and are consistent with current professional knowledge” (Lohr and Schroeder, 1990) and a quality improvement strategy is defined as “any intervention aimed at reducing the quality gap for a group of patients representative of those encountered in routine practice” (Shojania, 2004). The purpose of this paper is to design a project regarding the quality improvement initiative that includes the purpose, target population, benefits and cost of the project; also the basis for project evaluation.

Night Time Noise Reduction Project

The author of this paper wants to present the proposal of a Night Time Noise Reduction Project

in the hospital for the funding to the board. Sleep is the essential part of human life and it is related to the normal functioning of the body. According to Ulrich and Joseph, “Hospitals are extremely noisy, and noise levels in most hospitals far exceed recommended guidelines” (Joseph and Ulrich, 2007). The noise of the hospitals includes the noise from machine and equipments, staffs conversation, roommates, alarms, intercoms and pagers. This author is a registered nurse who wants to propose the night time noise reduction project for the improvement of the quality and patient outcome. She is well aware of the various issues worsened by the noise-induced stress affecting not only the patients but also the family members.  Therefore, I hope this kind of project will help to reduce noise during night time promoting the quality care to patients and great hospital environment.

Purpose

There is plenty of evidence that sleep is a biological necessity, and disturbed sleep is associated with a number of health problems. Noise heightens the anxiety and stress and lead to physiological responses such as facial grimacing, muscular flexion, increased blood pressure, increased heart rate and vasoconstriction; also slows the healing process. Moreover, nurses’ performance is highly affected by the hospital environment; nurse working in noisy environment complaints of exhaustion, burnout, irritability and depression (Mazer S.E., 2012). Night noise has various effects such as increase in heart rate, arousals, increase in medicine use and insomnia (WHO, 2009). The main purpose of this project is to access the noise level of the hospital units and contribute to the maintenance of sound environment using Yacker Tracker device. This project also aims to generate awareness about the consequences of noise in the health of patients and staffs.

Target Population

A large number of groups are at risk due to hospital noise especially at night. Elderly people and pregnant women at higher risk, besides them children and patients with ill health are also considered as risk groups. To add up, registered nurses and shift workers are also at risk as their sleep structure is under stress (WHO, 2009).

Benefits

A number of aspects of health and quality of life are associated with the sleep and these aspects are impaired with disturbance in sleep. Therefore, sound sleep is essential for the patients and various measures should be applied to maintain the peaceful and quiet environment in the hospital especially at night time as a component of patient care. Many studies has shown that various pilot projects were initiated for the reduction of noise in the hospital and they all have positive outcome leading to the sound hospital environment and sound sleep of patients at night. This project aims to promote the patients health and create great environment for the workers by reducing the noise at night. Sleep deprivation results in unsatisfied patients and that ultimately causes the declination of the overall rating of hospitals. This may also affect the hospital revenue in the long term. Therefore, the Night Time Noise Reduction project helps to cope with such consequences in the long run. 

Cost Justification

The most common cause of disruptive noise in the hospital is staff conversations (Wallis, 2012). Educating staff and planning can help for the reduction of noise; however this cost the minimal amount. Furthermore, this projects aims in reduction of the noise by using Yacker Tracker; a noise alerting device. A Yacker Tracker costs approximately $100 (based on amazon.com) and each unit requires two devices each for nurse station and for hallways.

Project Evaluation

Project evaluation is necessary to determine the effectiveness of the project and for the continuation of the project in the future. Prior to the implementation of the project, sound environment assessment is carried out for the determination of noise-level in each unit of the hospital. Same method is applied to determine the noise-level after the implementation of the project, and differences between them are measured statistically (Kol et al, 2015). An evaluation for the project can be developed by using the Hospital Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems (HCAHPS) survey data before and after the implementation of the project (Murphy et al, 2013).

In conclusion, the Night Time Noise Reduction project will be very effective to reduce the noise in a cost friendly way. This project will not only improve the environment of the hospitals but will also have beneficial effect on the health of patients and staffs. This project will be helpful in answering one of the reasons behind the declining quality of hospital environment and will help in improving the overall rating of the hospital. 

prevention of pressure ulcer

;Pressure ulcer prevention is a prevalent topic in health care setting today. It can have a devastating effect on a person`s health and quality of life. During the time of admission, it is important to identify the high-risk patient prone for getting pressure ulcer and implement the preventive measures immediately. “Each year, more than 2.5 million people in the United States develop pressure ulcers. These skin lesions bring pain, associated risk for serious infection, and quality of life. These measures allow for the reduction of expenditures and re-allocation of funds into other important increased health care utilization (ARHO, 2013)”. Most pressure ulcers can be prevented by the health care team.

Purpose

There are several wound care products in health market that have dramatically improved, protected and supported skin from pressure ulcer. The main purpose of this project is to practice foam dressing called Mepilex border Flex proven to prevent pressure ulcer, alone with performing the Braden scale skin assessment. The use of Mepilex bordered dressing reduces friction and redistribute pressure as well as provided an optimal microclimate. Mepilex foam bordered dressing have antimicrobial actions of ionic silver with soft silicone adhesive reduced pain and provide healing. The frequency of occurrence and increased cost for treating pressure ulcer has promoted health care industry to implement new interventions in order to prevent hospital acquired pressure ulcers. In the past nurses were responsible for pressure ulcer care prevention but the current research has proven that a multidisciplinary approach is needed for management of pressure prevention. Effective pressure ulcer prevention needs educating health care providers and patients in prevention technique. Pressure ulcer prevention and management are the most direct and very cost effective measures hospital can utilize to improve patient safety areas in the facility. Hospitals need to become more rapacious in creating wound care protocols that will assist in the treatment and prevention of pressure ulcers (Ackerman, 2011).

The target population

According to Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality “90% of all pressure ulcer related hospitalizations are due to secondary pressure ulcer diagnosis, 72% of patients are 65years or older and about 60,000 patients die each year as a result of a pressure ulcer” (ARHO, 2013). Poor nutrition, dementia, age, mobility, medical condition is the primary reason for hospital admitted patient to get pressure ulcers. Here the targeted patient population is over age 18 and older who are admitted with debility, and who should be assessed closely for pressure ulcer.

The benefits of the program or project

This report is presented through coordination of multidisciplinary approaches. The team includes unit supervisors, managers, material management, quality improvement team and physicians. The main purpose of this project is to implement the use of Mepilex dressing into the hospital in order to prevent pressure ulcers. This project target to prevent complication and cost associated with hospital acquired pressure ulcer. If the patient has an existing pressure ulcer or occurrence of new users, Mepilex foam dressing will be initiated for skin prevention. According to the research conducted by International Journal of Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Mepilex bland dressing aids in ulcer healing by 67% compared to other brands and reduces pain. Mepilex dressing, is a “multiple layered foam dressing which is designed to absorb wound discharge and protect the wound from infiltration of microorganisms and has its own absorbent properties”(Just Home Medical). It is also very easy to remove without affecting the skin around the wound. This program is proposed to provide a safe environment by developing new practice using evidence based practices. Out of “371 critically ill patients who received customary care with the bordered sacral foam dressing in situ had PU rates of 0–3.1%, compared with 3.8–13.1% for the control groups. A variety of less well-controlled studies involving more than 1000 patients provides supporting data (Berlowitz, D. , 2014, October 02)”.

The Cost or Budget Justification

Hospital acquired pressure ulcer increases the health cost, length of hospital stay and can delay the recovery time.“Pressure ulcers cost $9.1 billion to $11.6 billion per year in the United States. Cost of individual patient care ranges from $20,900 to $151,700 per pressure ulcer. Medicare estimated in 2007 that each pressure ulcer added $43,180 in costs to a hospital stay” (Berlowitz, D. , 2014, October 02). Another cost related to pressure ulcers involves daily dressing change. Mepilex dressing does not have to be changed daily. According to the study conducted at North York General Hospital (NYGH), “at least 48 patients had dressings changed daily. This amounted to 56 hours of nursing time per week or 1.4 full-time nurses per week. Reducing this to three times weekly saves 33 hours of nursing time per week, equal to 0.9 full-time nurses. Only 100 patient wounds treated with non-advanced dressings (gauze) can be treated in the same time as 230 patient wounds with advanced dressings” (Popovich, K., &Tohm, P. (2010, September).

Evaluation of the project:

The principle of quality focuses on improvement of quality and performance. The interdisciplinary team will be responsible for initiating and preventing pressure ulcer project into each unit, making decisions about the design and monitoring progress. A comprehensive skin assessment, standardized pressure ulcer risk assessment, care planning and implementation to address areas of risk should be done every shift and documented per protocol. A data collection survey will be conducted for the effectiveness after the intervention. The survey will include number of pressure ulcer in hospital, clinical indication, clear accountabilities, product availability, staff awareness, education and expectations for performance documentation of actual patient care. The recommendation and patient care impact as well as cost effective of the Mepilex foam dressing will be reevaluated within a year.

Summary

Pressure ulcer has been one of the topics of concern today in the health care industry because it brings serious risk to patients and the quality of their life. The evidence has found that the use of Mepilex dressing along with standard skin assessment, to decrease the cost of health and hospital stay of an individual. After the investigation, discussion and some research done at this hospital about hospital acquired pressure ulcer, the team has concluded to implement new practice of Mepilex use for further prevention of pressure ulcer.

SPSS is a statistical software program that allows you to enter these variables into a spreadsheet format and record the measurements from a sample. Additionally, SPSS allows you to perform statistical analysis. Before launching into your analyses, though, it is important to understand how the variables are measured. That understanding will help you interpret the SPSS output.

In this week’s Discussion, you considered topics with social change implications. For this Assignment, you will examine data to analyze independent and dependent variables, determine how they are measured, and decipher whether a social change question can be answered and the implications for such change.

To prepare for this Assignment:

• Review the Learning Resources as well as the SPSS resources found in this week’s Learning Resources.
• Review, download, and install the SPSS software on your computer using the IBM SPSS Installation and Registration document for PC or for MAC in this week’s Learning Resources.
• Using the SPSS software, open the Afrobarometer dataset or the High School Longitudinal Study dataset (whichever you choose) found in this week’s Learning Resources and then choose two variables that interest you.

For this Assignment:

Write a 1- to 2-page summary and include the following:

• A description of what the each of the variables measure.
• A description of the unit of analysis.
• A description and explanation of the levels of measurement for each variable (i.e., nominal, ordinal, interval, ratio).
• Explain how you might conceive these variables to be used to answer a social change question. What might be the implications for social change?

Support your summary using appropriate scholarly citations and references. Use proper APA format.